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325 325  
326 326  **Table 7. Data structuring approaches by level of data exchange**
327 327  
328 -|**Level of data exchange**|**Data structuring approa one DSD**|(% colspan="2" %)(((
329 -**ch**
330 -
331 -**master + satellite DSDs**
332 -)))|**multiple, indep. DSDs**
328 +|(% colspan="1" rowspan="2" %)**Level of data exchange**|(% colspan="4" rowspan="1" %)**Data structuring approach**
329 +|**one DSD**|(% colspan="2" %)**master + satellite DSDs**|**multiple, indep. DSDs**
333 333  |**within organization**|(((
334 -best for single-domain, single-purpose can be created on the
335 -
336 -fly from structured databases
331 +best for single-domain, single-purpose can be created on the fly from structured databases
337 337  )))|(% colspan="2" %)use if harmonization is important in covered domains or purposes or if such a set of DSDs is already available at international level|easier to do than master + satellite approach each domain/purpose can maintain DSDs independently can be created on the fly from structured databases
338 338  |**between national organizations**|(% colspan="4" %)the same applies as to the “within organization” scenario
339 -|**Level of data exchange**|(% colspan="3" %)(((
340 -**Data structuring approach**
341 -
342 -**one DSD master + satellite DSDs**
343 -)))|**multiple, indep. DSDs**
344 344  |**between int. organization and national organizations**|(% colspan="2" %)best for single domain, single purpose scenarios that are usually rather restricted with very clear specification of what needs to be exchanged|preferable over multiDSD approach in case of multi-domain and/or multi-purpose scenarios with highly correlated data flows for maintenance reasons|(((
345 -for multi-domain and/or multipurpose scenarios; only recommended if overlap of domains/purposes is minor (e.g. just w.r.t. cross-domain concepts)
346 -
347 -equivalent to multiple “one DSD” solutions, one for each domain / purpose
335 +for multi-domain and/or multipurpose scenarios; only recommended if overlap of domains/purposes is minor (e.g. just w.r.t. cross-domain concepts) equivalent to multiple “one DSD” solutions, one for each domain / purpose
348 348  )))
349 349  |**between international organizations**|(% colspan="3" %)comparable to “national to international” scenario|
350 350  |**dissemination to public**|(% colspan="2" %)for single-domain, single-purpose cases in more complex cases this may be the preferable approach for data discovery tools (one data structure to find and access all data)|(% colspan="2" %)(((
351 351  in multi-purpose or –domain scenarios:
352 352  
353 -if it is relevant for the public to see the relationship between the data structures: use master + satellites approach
354 -
355 -otherwise the multi-DSD option is preferable, although with the highest possible degree of re-use of code lists and concepts
356 -
357 -in both cases: important to include only concepts, code lists, and codes actually available / used by the data
341 +* if it is relevant for the public to see the relationship between the data structures: use master + satellites approach
342 +* otherwise the multi-DSD option is preferable, although with the highest possible degree of re-use of code lists and concepts
343 +* in both cases: important to include only concepts, code lists, and codes actually available / used by the data
358 358  )))
359 359  
360 360  In general, finding the “perfect” data structure is less important for bilateral data exchange. Independent, custom-tailored DSDs may do the job quite well, as harmonization and standardization are typically not of high importance. If the data exchange is just a part of a more comprehensive scenario (e.g. multi-purpose, multi-domain, gateway, or data-sharing scenarios), a master DSD with satellite DSDs is preferable.
... ... @@ -363,20 +363,17 @@
363 363  
364 364  **Table 8. Data structuring approaches by role in data exchange**
365 365  
366 -|**Role in data exchange**|**One DSD vs. master + satellite DSDs vs. multiple, indep. DSDs**
367 -|**Data provider**|It is easier to set up a data submission process against a single DSD (= less initial costs) than against multiple DSDs.
368 -|**Data collector**|(((
352 +|(% style="width:216px" %)**Role in data exchange**|(% style="width:1399px" %)**One DSD vs. master + satellite DSDs vs. multiple, indep. DSDs**
353 +|(% style="width:216px" %)**Data provider**|(% style="width:1399px" %)It is easier to set up a data submission process against a single DSD (= less initial costs) than against multiple DSDs.
354 +|(% style="width:216px" %)**Data collector**|(% style="width:1399px" %)(((
369 369  Data validation is easier with DSDs that only cover what needs to be collected. This is achieved via constraints in the master + satellites approach or via tailor-made independent DSDs. If a single DSD is used in a multi-domain or –purpose scenario, necessary constraints can be specified in the data flow definition or data provision agreement.
370 -
371 371  Further processing of collected data is more flexible and easier if relations are transparent and code lists are shared as in the one DSD or master + satellite DSDs approaches. The “shared context” created through the master DSD increases harmonization and standardization and this way facilitates combined usage of data.
372 372  )))
373 -|**Role in data exchange**|**One DSD vs. master + satellite DSDs vs. multiple, indep. DSDs**
374 -|**DSD maintenance**|(((
358 +|(% style="width:216px" %)**DSD maintenance**|(% style="width:1399px" %)(((
375 375  The complexity and initial costs for developing and maintaining master + satellite DSDs are higher than for independent DSDs as this involves managing constraints and managing impacts of changes in shared code lists to all DSDs.
376 -
377 377  In the multiple independent DSDs approach, development and maintenance efforts may be distributed. This can be seen as an advantage, but on the other hand requires coordination in case the DSDs are only partially independent (i.e. share some code lists).
378 378  )))
379 -|**End user (“the public”)**|For data discovery and retrieval the user needs to know what data is actually available (instead of what might be collected/disseminated with a certain data structure). This means that the potential sparseness should be hidden from the user. A reduced DSD derived from the data structure used in the background is more useful in most cases. Whether this is done via one DSD and constraints, master + satellite DSDs, or independent DSDs does not matter that much for the user.
362 +|(% style="width:216px" %)**End user (“the public”)**|(% style="width:1399px" %)For data discovery and retrieval the user needs to know what data is actually available (instead of what might be collected/disseminated with a certain data structure). This means that the potential sparseness should be hidden from the user. A reduced DSD derived from the data structure used in the background is more useful in most cases. Whether this is done via one DSD and constraints, master + satellite DSDs, or independent DSDs does not matter that much for the user.
380 380  
381 381  = 5 MINIMUM STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC REQUIREMENTS =
382 382  
... ... @@ -406,19 +406,19 @@
406 406  
407 407  **Table 9. Minimum requirements for DSDs~*~***
408 408  
409 -|**Question**|**Concept**|**COG**|**Code list**|**Time series Cross-section**
410 -|Where?|reference area|X|revision|mand. attribute or dimension
411 -|What?|“indicator”|-|domain|one or multiple dimensions
412 -|How?|unit of measure|X|development|mand. attribute or dimension
413 -|How?|unit multiplier|X|available|mandatory attribute
414 -|How?|decimals|X|available|mandatory attribute
415 -|How?|//adjustment//|X|development|mand. att. not relevant
416 -|When?|time period|X|format|dimension mand. att.
417 -|When?|time format|X|available|mandatory attribute
418 -|When?|time period – collection|X|development|mand. att. cond. att.
419 -|When?|data update – last update|X|time stamp|mandatory attribute
420 -|How often?|//frequency//|X|available|mand. att. or not relevant
421 -|(% colspan="2" %)How much? observation value|-|numeric|dimension measure
392 +|(% style="width:205px" %)**Question**|(% style="width:272px" %)**Concept**|(% style="width:178px" %)**COG**|(% style="width:270px" %)**Code list**|(% style="width:690px" %)**Time series Cross-section**
393 +|(% style="width:205px" %)Where?|(% style="width:272px" %)reference area|(% style="width:178px" %)X|(% style="width:270px" %)revision|(% style="width:690px" %)mand. attribute or dimension
394 +|(% style="width:205px" %)What?|(% style="width:272px" %)“indicator”|(% style="width:178px" %)-|(% style="width:270px" %)domain|(% style="width:690px" %)one or multiple dimensions
395 +|(% style="width:205px" %)How?|(% style="width:272px" %)unit of measure|(% style="width:178px" %)X|(% style="width:270px" %)development|(% style="width:690px" %)mand. attribute or dimension
396 +|(% style="width:205px" %)How?|(% style="width:272px" %)unit multiplier|(% style="width:178px" %)X|(% style="width:270px" %)available|(% style="width:690px" %)mandatory attribute
397 +|(% style="width:205px" %)How?|(% style="width:272px" %)decimals|(% style="width:178px" %)X|(% style="width:270px" %)available|(% style="width:690px" %)mandatory attribute
398 +|(% style="width:205px" %)How?|(% style="width:272px" %)//adjustment//|(% style="width:178px" %)X|(% style="width:270px" %)development|(% style="width:690px" %)mand. att. not relevant
399 +|(% style="width:205px" %)When?|(% style="width:272px" %)time period|(% style="width:178px" %)X|(% style="width:270px" %)format|(% style="width:690px" %)dimension mand. att.
400 +|(% style="width:205px" %)When?|(% style="width:272px" %)time format|(% style="width:178px" %)X|(% style="width:270px" %)available|(% style="width:690px" %)mandatory attribute
401 +|(% style="width:205px" %)When?|(% style="width:272px" %)time period – collection|(% style="width:178px" %)X|(% style="width:270px" %)development|(% style="width:690px" %)mand. att. cond. att.
402 +|(% style="width:205px" %)When?|(% style="width:272px" %)data update – last update|(% style="width:178px" %)X|(% style="width:270px" %)time stamp|(% style="width:690px" %)mandatory attribute
403 +|(% style="width:205px" %)How often?|(% style="width:272px" %)//frequency//|(% style="width:178px" %)X|(% style="width:270px" %)available|(% style="width:690px" %)mand. att. or not relevant
404 +|(% colspan="2" style="width:477px" %)How much? observation value|(% style="width:178px" %)-|(% style="width:270px" %)numeric|(% style="width:690px" %)dimension measure
422 422  
423 423  ~*~*Concepts in //italics// are only relevant for time series DSDs. An “X” in the COG column means the concept is defined in the COG. Code list “development” means that the SWG will develop a code list to be recommended in the COG; “revision” means that the code list is recommended by the COG and under revision by the SWG; “format” means that a format is defined by another concept; “text”, “time stamp”, and “numeric” provide data types used for uncoded concepts.
424 424  
... ... @@ -426,25 +426,19 @@
426 426  
427 427  **Table 10. Suggested additional concepts for certain scenarios~*~***
428 428  
429 -|**Question**|**Concept**|**COG**|**Code list**|**TS CS**|**Scenario**
412 +|**Question**|**Concept**|**COG**|**Code list**|**TS**|**CS**|**Scenario**
430 430  |Who?|compiling agency|X|development|(((
431 -conditional conditional
432 -
433 - (sibling) (obs. level)
434 -)))|data provider different from data compiler
414 +conditional (sibling)
415 +)))|conditional (obs. level)|data provider different from data compiler
435 435  |Who?|(((
436 -confidentiality
437 -
438 -status – observation
439 -)))|X|available|mandatory (obs. level)|except dissemination
440 -|How?|observation status|X|available|conditional (obs. level)|except orig. collection
417 +confidentiality status – observation
418 +)))|X|available|(% colspan="2" rowspan="1" %)mandatory (obs. level)|except dissemination
419 +|How?|observation status|X|available|(% colspan="2" rowspan="1" %)conditional (obs. level)|except orig. collection
441 441  |How much?|(((
442 -//observation pre-//
421 +//observation pre-break value//
422 +)))|-|numeric|cond. (obs.)|not relevant|except orig. collection
423 +|What and how?|//time series title//|X|text|cond. (TS)|not relevant|dissemination
443 443  
444 -//break value//
445 -)))|-|numeric|cond. (obs.) not relevant|except orig. collection
446 -|What and how?|//time series title//|X|text|cond. (TS) not relevant|dissemination
447 -
448 448  ~** The legend of Table 9 applies to Table 10 as well. The suggested attachment level of attributes (if any) is provided in parentheses in the TS (time series) or CS (cross-section) columns. In case an attribute does not vary at that level in a certain use case, it should be attached at the highest possible level.
449 449  
450 450  == 5.2 Attribute attachment levels and definition of groups ==
... ... @@ -466,10 +466,8 @@
466 466  * //ID//: a unique identifier of the message
467 467  * //Test//: a Boolean attribute that indicates whether the message is for test purposes or not
468 468  * //Prepared//: the date the message was prepared
469 -* //Sender//: the identification of the organization that is transmitting the message
446 +* //Sender//: the identification of the organization that is transmitting the message (recommended: code from the agency code list in the SDMX COG)
470 470  
471 -(recommended: code from the agency code list in the SDMX COG)
472 -
473 473  From a business perspective, the inclusion of the //Name// element is highly recommended, as it can help to understand the purpose of the exchange message. Other header elements such as //Receiver// are optional.
474 474  
475 475  = 6 STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE =
... ... @@ -480,13 +480,15 @@
480 480  
481 481  Figure 1 provides an overview of the overall process. As a first step, the context of the data exchange(s) that should be covered by the DSD(s) is defined in terms of purpose, domains, level of exchange, type of data, type of recipient, role of in data exchange, process pattern, and GSBPM phase (see Figure 2). Since reusing existing artefacts is one of the guiding principles, the second step identifies existing DSDs that may be reused (see Figure 3). In case relevant DSDs are available, their suitability in the present context is evaluated in step 3. Aspects to be taken into account are concept coverage, concept roles, attribute attachment levels, and code lists (see Figure 4). Step 4 is subject to the outcome of step 3. In case of a favorable assessment, the DSDs are simply reused. If the DSDs are partly suitable, modified versions can be derived. See section 2. for a summary of possible DSD modification scenarios. If the DSDs are not suitable or if no relevant DSDs are available at all, new DSDs will be defined as described in section 3. Finally, supporting artefacts such as data flow definitions and data provision agreements are defined (see Figure 5).
482 482  
458 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
459 +[[image:1768470533088-795.png]]
483 483  
484 484  (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure1.OverviewoftheDSDdesignprocess" %)
485 485  Figure 1. Overview of the DSD design process
486 486  
487 -
488 488  Figure 2 summarizes the characteristics of the data exchange context that is defined in step 1. These characteristics affect the decision on the data structuring approach that is part of the process of defining the concepts of a new DSD (step 4.3. in Figure 1; see Figure 7 in section 2.).
489 489  
466 +[[image:1768470575978-226.png]]
490 490  
491 491  (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure2.Characteristicsofdataexchangecontext" %)
492 492  Figure 2. Characteristics of data exchange context
... ... @@ -493,20 +493,23 @@
493 493  
494 494  Figure 3 recaps the priorities given to different types of existing DSDs when searching for candidates for reuse in step 2. Global DSDs maintained by the SDMX consortium are ranked the highest. They can be found via the Global SDMX Registry.
495 495  
473 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
474 +[[image:1768470596130-305.png]]
496 496  
497 497  (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure3.PriorityrankingofexistingDSDsforreuse" %)
498 498  Figure 3. Priority ranking of existing DSDs for reuse
499 499  
500 -
501 501  Figure 4 summarizes the aspects to be considered in the assessment of the suitability of existing DSDs in step 3. For a detailed description of the cases of partial unsuitability see section 2.1. above.
502 502  
481 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
482 +[[image:1768470626558-321.png]]
503 503  
504 504  (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure4.AspectsofDSDsuitability" %)
505 505  Figure 4. Aspects of DSD suitability
506 506  
507 -
508 508  Figure 5 lists the most relevant artefacts required in addition to a DSD, its concept scheme, and code lists.
509 509  
489 +[[image:1768470646456-652.png]]
510 510  
511 511  Figure 5. Supporting artefacts
512 512  
... ... @@ -514,48 +514,83 @@
514 514  
515 515  Figure 6 briefly recapitulates the actions that can be taken to overcome partial unsuitability of DSDs. As far as possible, existing artefacts should be reused in this case. This means that even if a DSD cannot be reused as a whole, concepts and code lists from that DSD can be included in the new DSD by reference.
516 516  
517 -**Figure 6. DSD modification scenarios**
497 +[[image:1768470678965-391.png]]
518 518  
499 +Figure 6. DSD modification scenarios
500 +
519 519  == 6.3 Defining new DSDs ==
520 520  
521 521  In case no (suitable) DSD is available, the actual process of specifying a new DSD is started. Figure 7 depicts this process (step 4.3. in Figure 1). It encompasses the specification of concepts, code lists, and data formats. All three specification steps include the identification of already existing artefacts that could be reused or modified to satisfy the requirements at hand and the definition of new artefacts in case no suitable artefacts are detected. Several iterations of steps 1 (specification of concepts; see Figure 8) and 2 (specification of code lists; see Figure°13) may be necessary, including revisions of the decision concerning the data structuring approach. Finally all artefacts defined in the previous steps are put together into a DSD.
522 522  
523 -==== Figure 7. New DSD specification process ====
505 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
506 +[[image:1768470705894-724.png]]
524 524  
508 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure7.NewDSDspecificationprocess" %)
509 +Figure 7. New DSD specification process
510 +
525 525  Figure 8 outlines step 4.3.1, the process of concept specification. It covers the decision on the structuring approach, the identification of relevant concepts and the assessment of their suitability, the definition of new concepts, concept roles, and attribute attachment levels.
526 526  
527 -==== Figure 8. Concept specification process ====
513 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
514 +[[image:1768470729899-225.png]]
528 528  
516 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure8.Conceptspecificationprocess" %)
517 +Figure 8. Concept specification process
518 +
529 529  Both, the decision on reuse of existing concepts as well as the definition of new ones, may lead back to a revision of the data structuring approach. For example, it could turn out that a certain concept needs to be broken down further which may lead from a “few composite dimensions” to a “many pure dimensions” approach. Figure 9 provides the design options involved in the decision on a data structuring approach. The options are defined in terms of the number of DSDs and the number of concepts (especially dimensions). The reasonability and feasibility of these options depend on the context of the present data exchange(s) as defined in the first step of the overall design process and on the content of the data exchange with respect to concepts.
530 530  
531 -==== Figure 9. DSD design options ====
521 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
522 +[[image:1768470752201-691.png]]
532 532  
524 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure9.DSDdesignoptions" %)
525 +Figure 9. DSD design options
526 +
533 533  In the second step of new DSD design, relevant existing concepts are identified. Figure 10 indicates potential sources of those concepts such as the SDMX COG for cross-domain concepts, global or other DSDs as already identified earlier in the process, and domain standards such as the UN's System of National Accounts Manual 2008 for domain-specific concepts.
534 534  
535 -==== Figure 10. Potential sources of concepts and definitions ====
529 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
530 +[[image:1768470775109-874.png]]
536 536  
532 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure10.Potentialsourcesofconceptsanddefinitions" %)
533 +Figure 10. Potential sources of concepts and definitions
534 +
537 537  The definition of new concepts (step 4.3.1.4.2.) is necessary if no (suitable) concept can be reused. It entails giving each concept a name, a code, and a definition. Further details about the usage of the concepts in the DSD are specified in steps 4.3.1.5. (concept roles), 4.3.1.6. (dimension groups), and 4.3.1.7. (attribute attachment levels). Figure 11 and 12 summarize the possible concept roles and attribute attachment levels.
538 538  
539 539  The second step in the process of defining a new DSD is the specification of code lists for all coded concepts. All dimensions must be coded (with time being an exception to this rule); attributes may be coded. For uncoded concepts, a data format has to be specified. Existing formats may be reused or new ones defined. An example is the time format that is specified in the SDMX COG. Figure 13 illustrates the code list specification process. If no relevant and suitable code list exists, a new one will be defined or a partially suitable one will be adapted (see Figure 16). Suitable code lists can simply be reused via reference.
540 540  
539 +[[image:1768470796725-270.png]]
541 541  
541 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
542 +Figure 11. Possible concept roles
543 +
544 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
545 +[[image:1768470829131-599.png]]
546 +
547 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
548 +Figure 12. Possible attribute attachment levels
549 +
550 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
551 +[[image:1768470860119-204.png]]
552 +
542 542  (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure13.Codelistspecificationprocess" %)
543 543  Figure 13. Code list specification process
544 544  
545 -
556 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
546 546  Figure 14 recaps the priorities given to different types of existing code lists when searching for candidates for reuse (step 4.3.2.1.). Code lists recommended by the SDMX COG (and maintained by the SDMX consortium) are ranked the highest.
547 547  
559 +[[image:1768470878394-873.png]]
548 548  
549 549  (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure14.Priorityrankingofexistingcodelistsforreuse" %)
550 550  Figure 14. Priority ranking of existing code lists for reuse
551 551  
552 -
564 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
553 553  Figure 15 summarizes the aspects to be considered in the evaluation of the suitability of existing code lists (step 4.3.2.2.). Figure 16 summarizes the scenarios of adapting existing code lists that do not fully meet the specified needs (step 4.3.2.3.2). For a detailed description of the cases of partial unsuitability see section 2.1. above.
554 554  
567 +[[image:1768470896763-366.png]]
555 555  
556 556  (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure15.Aspectsofcodelistsuitability" %)
557 557  Figure 15. Aspects of code list suitability
558 558  
572 +(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
573 +[[image:1768470911321-123.png]]
559 559  
560 560  (% class="wikigeneratedid" id="HFigure16.Codelistmodificationscenarios" %)
561 561  Figure 16. Code list modification scenarios
... ... @@ -568,8 +568,10 @@
568 568  
569 569  Figure 17 provides an overview of all steps in the DSD design process as described in the previous subsections 1. to 3. Figure 18 compiles those steps into a checklist for DSD designers to help them make sure all aspects are considered.
570 570  
586 +
571 571  Figure 17. DSD design process
572 572  
589 +[[image:1768470939545-136.png]]
573 573  
574 574  Figure 18. Checklist for DSD design process
575 575  
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