Changes for page Guidelines on coding time transformations in SDMX

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1		-xwiki:XWiki.arturkryazhev
	1	+xwiki:XWiki.helena

Content

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12	12
13	13	Examples:
14	14
15		-|(% style="width:501px" %)**Statement**|(% style="width:303px" %)**T**|(% style="width:472px" %)**P**|(% style="width:454px" %)**F**
16		-|(% style="width:501px" %)Quarter on quarter growth rate|(% style="width:303px" %)Growth rate|(% style="width:472px" %)2|(% style="width:454px" %)Q
17		-|(% style="width:501px" %)Contribution to growth over 1 year (quarterly data)|(% style="width:303px" %)Contribution to growth|(% style="width:472px" %)4|(% style="width:454px" %)Q
18		-|(% style="width:501px" %)Contribution to growth over 1 year (annual data)|(% style="width:303px" %)Contribution to growth|(% style="width:472px" %)1|(% style="width:454px" %)A
19		-|(% style="width:501px" %)3 months moving average|(% style="width:303px" %)Moving average|(% style="width:472px" %)3|(% style="width:454px" %)M
20		-|(% style="width:501px" %)Annual index (reference year=100){{footnote}}Note that for the case of an index, it is useful to specify the reference base period in an additional attribute (see concept BASE_PER specified in the SDMX Glossary).{{/footnote}}|(% style="width:303px" %)Index|(% style="width:472px" %)1|(% style="width:454px" %)A
	15	+|**Statement**|**T**|**P**|**F**
	16	+|Quarter on quarter growth rate|Growth rate|2|Q
	17	+|Contribution to growth over 1 year (quarterly data)|Contribution to growth|4|Q
	18	+|Contribution to growth over 1 year (annual data)|Contribution to growth|1|A
	19	+|3 months moving average|Moving average|3|M
	20	+|Annual index (reference year=100)[[~[1~]>>path:#_ftn1]]|Index|1|A
21	21
22	22	This guideline describes two methods that may be used to code a time transformation:
23	23
...	...	@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
26	26
27	27	Both of these methods are included as separate use cases as served by each method. The aim of this document is to demonstrate that guidance and a standard approach is available and promoted for each use case. The use cases are described in the related sections.
28	28
29		-Further recommended code values for expressing general statistical concepts such as "not applicable", etc., can be found in section “Generic codes” of the "Guidelines for the creation and management of SDMX Cross-Domain Code Lists" (to be found under “Guidelines” on the official SDMX website{{footnote}}http://sdmx.org/{{/footnote}}).
	29	+Further recommended code values for expressing general statistical concepts such as "not applicable", etc., can be found in section “Generic codes” of the "Guidelines for the creation and management of SDMX Cross-Domain Code Lists" (to be found under “Guidelines” on the official SDMX website[[~[2~]>>path:#_ftn2]]).
30	30
31	31	= 2. SDMX Concepts for Time Transformations =
32	32
...	...	@@ -37,26 +37,29 @@
37	37	Definition: This concept provides coded information about time-related transformation types of time series.
38	38
39	39	**Concept ID: **The concept ID is TIMETRANS_TYPE.
	40	+
40	40	**Code List Name**: Code list for Time Transformation Type.
	42	+
41	41	**Code List ID:** CL_TIMETRANS_TYPE.
	44	+
42	42	**Established international standard(s) used as input for the code list**: None.
43	43
44	44	**Version**: 1.0, 15 September 2016
45	45
46		-|**Recommended code value**|(% style="width:309px" %)Recommended code description|(% style="width:1262px" %)Annotation
47		-|**N**|(% style="width:309px" %)Non transformed|(% style="width:1262px" %)TIMETRANS_PER is always 1, since a non-transformed number covers by definition a single period
48		-|**A**|(% style="width:309px" %)Average|(% style="width:1262px" %)Moving average, i.e. an operation that preserves the frequency of the series
49		-|**C**|(% style="width:309px" %)Cumulated sum|(% style="width:1262px" %)
50		-|**D**|(% style="width:309px" %)Difference|(% style="width:1262px" %)
51		-|**DD**|(% style="width:309px" %)Difference, second order|(% style="width:1262px" %)A second order difference is the delta of deltas
52		-|**F**|(% style="width:309px" %)Growth rate, flow over stock|(% style="width:1262px" %)
53		-|**FC**|(% style="width:309px" %)Contribution to growth, flow over stock|(% style="width:1262px" %)
54		-|**G**|(% style="width:309px" %)Growth rate|(% style="width:1262px" %)
55		-|**GC**|(% style="width:309px" %)Contribution to growth|(% style="width:1262px" %)
56		-|**I**|(% style="width:309px" %)Index|(% style="width:1262px" %)In the usual case, the index is fixed to 100 for a specific reference period, in most cases a year. It is recommended that the DSD contains an additional attribute BASE_PER (type ObservationalTimePeriod), which specifies the reference period of the index. In special cases (e.g. National Accounts chain linking), the index is fixed to a value different to 100 in the reference year. In these cases the BASE_PER attribute is even more important.
57		-|**LA**|(% style="width:309px" %)Annualised levels|(% style="width:1262px" %)This relates to stock versus flow series. For example, many countries publish their Quarterly National Accounts (QNA) at quarterly level, which means that annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the sum of the four quarters, whereas some countries publish their QNA at annual level (e.g. US), which means that annual GDP is the average of the four quarters. In order to present quarterly data in comparable levels across countries and to derive zone aggregates, quarterly data expressed at quarterly levels are “transformed” to annual levels (i.e. multiplied by four) and have this code.
58		-|**S**|(% style="width:309px" %)Shifted|(% style="width:1262px" %)The time series was moved back or forth in time. This may for instance be used when non-calendar year series are aligned to the calendar year using certain estimation formulas.
59		-|**_O**|(% style="width:309px" %)Other transformation|(% style="width:1262px" %)This code is taken from the guidelines on generic codes, specifying "Other". In that context it should be used if more complex transformations are applied. An explanation of the transformation or a transformation script should be given in a comment field.
	49	+|**Recommended code value**|Recommended code description|Annotation
	50	+|**N**|Non transformed|TIMETRANS_PER is always 1, since a non-transformed number covers by definition a single period
	51	+|**A**|Average|Moving average, i.e. an operation that preserves the frequency of the series
	52	+|**C**|Cumulated sum|
	53	+|**D**|Difference|
	54	+|**DD**|Difference, second order|A second order difference is the delta of deltas
	55	+|**F**|Growth rate, flow over stock|
	56	+|**FC**|Contribution to growth, flow over stock|
	57	+|**G**|Growth rate|
	58	+|**GC**|Contribution to growth|
	59	+|**I**|Index|In the usual case, the index is fixed to 100 for a specific reference period, in most cases a year. It is recommended that the DSD contains an additional attribute BASE_PER (type ObservationalTimePeriod), which specifies the reference period of the index. In special cases (e.g. National Accounts chain linking), the index is fixed to a value different to 100 in the reference year. In these cases the BASE_PER attribute is even more important.
	60	+|**LA**|Annualised levels|This relates to stock versus flow series. For example, many countries publish their Quarterly National Accounts (QNA) at quarterly level, which means that annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the sum of the four quarters, whereas some countries publish their QNA at annual level (e.g. US), which means that annual GDP is the average of the four quarters. In order to present quarterly data in comparable levels across countries and to derive zone aggregates, quarterly data expressed at quarterly levels are “transformed” to annual levels (i.e. multiplied by four) and have this code.
	61	+|**S**|Shifted|The time series was moved back or forth in time. This may for instance be used when non-calendar year series are aligned to the calendar year using certain estimation formulas.
	62	+|**_O**|Other transformation|This code is taken from the guidelines on generic codes, specifying "Other". In that context it should be used if more complex transformations are applied. An explanation of the transformation or a transformation script should be given in a comment field.
60	60
61	61	== 2.2 Time Transformation Periods ==
62	62
...	...	@@ -63,65 +63,80 @@
63	63	Definition: This concept provides information about the number of periods used for a time-related transformation of the time series.
64	64
65	65	**Concept ID: **The concept ID is TIMETRANS_PER.
	69	+
66	66	**Code List Name**: Code list for Time Transformation Periods.
	71	+
67	67	**Code List ID:** CL_TIMETRANS_PER.
	73	+
68	68	**Established international standard(s) used as input for the code list**: None.
69	69
70	70	**Version**: 1.0, 15 September 2016
71	71
72		-(% style="width:1172.96px" %)
73		-|(% style="width:320px" %)**Recommended code value**|(% style="width:408px" %)**Recommended
74		-code description**|(% style="width:442px" %)**Annotation**
75		-|(% style="width:320px" %)**1**|(% style="width:408px" %)One|(% style="width:442px" %)
76		-|(% style="width:320px" %)**2**|(% style="width:408px" %)Two|(% style="width:442px" %)
77		-|(% style="width:320px" %)**etc.**|(% style="width:408px" %)etc.|(% style="width:442px" %)
	78	+|**Recommended code value**|**Recommended
	79	+code description**|**Annotation**
	80	+|**1**|One|
	81	+|**2**|Two|
	82	+|**etc.**|etc.|
78	78
79	79	== 2.3 Relation of transformation coding to transformation rules ==
80	80
81	81	Transformation can also be expressed with transformation rules using a syntax such as the Validation and Transformation Language (VTL). Following the transformation graph model behind VTL, the transformation coding suggested in this guideline can be seen complementary with using transformation rules in VTL. The idea is that a coded non-transformed time series is transformed using a VTL rule and the result is then coded again with transformation codes for further data exchange. This principle is shown in the graph below:
82	82
83		-[[image:1769510498202-796.png]]
84	84
	89	+|(((
	90	+Level series
	91	+)))
	92	+
	93	+|(((
	94	+Transformed series
	95	+)))
	96	+
	97	+|(((
	98	+Transformation rule
	99	+
	100	+(VTL)
	101	+)))
	102	+
85	85	Using the two concepts as suggested above for coding the type of transformation applied and the number of periods covered will additionally ensure that the parameters used for the formula are directly used in the coding of the resulting series. Thus no complex mapping is needed. The transformation applied is linked to the transformation type concept and the number of periods used for the calculation is linked to the transformation periods concept.
86	86
87	87	**Example:**
88	88
89		-The formula for a simple annual growth rate can be expressed as follows:{{footnote}}Note: often growth rates are expressed as percentage growth, in which case the value is multiplied with 100%. This is however not relevant for this guideline and is left out for simplicity.{{/footnote}}
	107	+The formula for a simple annual growth rate can be expressed as follows:[[~[3~]>>path:#_ftn3]]
90	90
91		-[[image:1769510529532-579.png]]
	109	+//GT= VT-VT-PVT-P//[[image:file:///C:/Users/axyli/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png]]
92	92
93		-A growth rate over P years in year T is the difference between the current year value and the value P years ago related to the value P years ago; with G being the growth rate, V being the absolute value, T being the time (year) and P the number of periods.
	111	+à A growth rate over P years in year T is the difference between the current year value and the value P years ago related to the value P years ago; with G being the growth rate, V being the absolute value, T being the time (year) and P the number of periods.
94	94
95	95	The growth rate formula can be expressed in VTL and linked to transformation type G. The year T is linked to the respective year in the time series and the parameter P is linked to the transformation period concept.
96	96
97	97	**Example:**
98	98
99		-|(% style="width:427px" %)**Year →**|(% style="width:230px" %)**2010**|(% style="width:365px" %)**2011**|(% style="width:386px" %)**2012**|(% style="width:322px" %)**2013**
100		-|(% style="width:427px" %)**GDP Level**|(% style="width:230px" %)500|(% style="width:365px" %)505|(% style="width:386px" %)510|(% style="width:322px" %)505
101		-|(% style="width:427px" %)**Growth rate,
102		-period on period**|(% style="width:230px" %) |(% style="width:365px" %)0.0100|(% style="width:386px" %)0.0099|(% style="width:322px" %)-0.0098
103		-|(% style="width:427px" %)**Formula**|(% style="width:230px" %) |(% style="width:365px" %)[[image:1769510625588-573.png]]|(% style="width:386px" %)[[image:1769510654674-828.png]]|(% style="width:322px" %)[[image:1769510676535-250.png]]
104		-|(% style="width:427px" %)**Growth rate,
105		-over 2 periods**|(% style="width:230px" %) |(% style="width:365px" %) |(% style="width:386px" %)0.0200|(% style="width:322px" %)0.0000
106		-|(% style="width:427px" %)**Formula**|(% style="width:230px" %) |(% style="width:365px" %) |(% style="width:386px" %)[[image:1769510701118-480.png]]|(% style="width:322px" %)[[image:1769510718908-350.png]]
	117	+|**Year à**|**2010**|**2011**|**2012**|**2013**
	118	+|**GDP Level**|500|505|510|505
	119	+|**Growth rate,
	120	+period on period**| |0.0100|0.0099|-0.0098
	121	+|**Formula**| |//GT= V2011-V2011-1V2011-1//[[image:file:///C:/Users/axyli/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png]]|//GT= V2012-V2012-1V2012-1//[[image:file:///C:/Users/axyli/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png]]|//GT= V2013-V2013-1V2013-1//[[image:file:///C:/Users/axyli/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png]]
	122	+|**Growth rate,
	123	+over 2 periods**| | |0.0200|0.0000
	124	+|**Formula**| | |//GT= V2012-V2012-2V2012-2//[[image:file:///C:/Users/axyli/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png]]|//GT= V2013-V2013-2V2013-2//[[image:file:///C:/Users/axyli/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png]]
107	107
108	108	When looking at the formulas, you can see that the same parameters that are used to call a transformation service can be used to code the resulting series, which makes it very easy for data processing systems to ensure consistency between calculations and coding of results:
109	109
110		-|**Year →**|2011|(% rowspan="4" %)(((
	128	+|**Year à**|2011|(% rowspan="4" %)(((
111	111	**Transformed series:**
112	112
113		-REF_YEAR → 2011
	131	+REF_YEAR à 2011
114	114
115		-OBS_VALUE → 0.0100
	133	+OBS_VALUE à 0.0100
116	116
117		-TRANS_TYPE → G (Formula / VTL function)
	135	+TRANS_TYPE à G (Formula / VTL function)
118	118
119		-TRANS_PER → 1
	137	+TRANS_PER à 1
120	120	)))
121	121	|**GDP Level**|505
122	122	|**Growth rate,
123	123	period on period**|0.0100
124		-|**Formula**|[[image:1769510755278-324.png]]
	142	+|**Formula**|//GT= V2011-V2011-1V2011-1//[[image:file:///C:/Users/axyli/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png]]
125	125
126	126	This is especially useful when only transformed series should be exchanged and level series or transformations are not subject to exchange. An example could be GDP growth rates, where for early estimates often level series are still under embargo, whereas growth rates are publishable.
127	127
...	...	@@ -147,135 +147,172 @@
147	147
148	148	In case the mixed frequencies or complex transformations as outlined above are needed in a simpler way and normalisation does not need to be strictly enforced, a composite code list CL_TIMETRANS may be created.
149	149
150		-The number of periods in the code follows the frequency of the series unless stated otherwise. Example: code G3Y refers to a three-year growth rate, irrespective of the series frequency. For complex transformations, the codes that would be used for the respective transformations can be concatenated and separated by an underscore{{footnote}}Example:
151		-G1_C4 Growth rate, period on period, over 4-period cumulated sum{{/footnote}}.
	168	+The number of periods in the code follows the frequency of the series unless stated otherwise. Example: code G3Y refers to a three-year growth rate, irrespective of the series frequency. For complex transformations, the codes that would be used for the respective transformations can be concatenated and separated by an underscore[[~[4~]>>path:#_ftn4]].
152	152
153	153	Example for composite CL_TIMETRANS:
154	154
155		-|(% style="width:227px" %)**Recommended code value**|(% style="width:527px" %)**Recommended code description**|(% style="width:976px" %)**Annotation**
156		-|(% style="width:227px" %)N|(% style="width:527px" %)Non transformed data|(% style="width:976px" %)
157		-|(% style="width:227px" %)A2|(% style="width:527px" %)2-period moving average|(% style="width:976px" %)Period on period
158		-|(% style="width:227px" %)A3|(% style="width:527px" %)3-period moving average|(% style="width:976px" %)
159		-|(% style="width:227px" %)A4|(% style="width:527px" %)4-period moving average|(% style="width:976px" %)
160		-|(% style="width:227px" %)A6|(% style="width:527px" %)6-period moving average|(% style="width:976px" %)
161		-|(% style="width:227px" %)A12|(% style="width:527px" %)12-period moving average|(% style="width:976px" %)
162		-|(% style="width:227px" %)C3|(% style="width:527px" %)3-period cumulated sum|(% style="width:976px" %)
163		-|(% style="width:227px" %)C4|(% style="width:527px" %)4-period cumulated sum|(% style="width:976px" %)
164		-|(% style="width:227px" %)C6|(% style="width:527px" %)6-period cumulated sum|(% style="width:976px" %)
165		-|(% style="width:227px" %)C12|(% style="width:527px" %)12-period cumulated sum|(% style="width:976px" %)
166		-|(% style="width:227px" %)C16|(% style="width:527px" %)16-period cumulated sum|(% style="width:976px" %)
167		-|(% style="width:227px" %)D2|(% style="width:527px" %)Differences, period on period, first order|(% style="width:976px" %)
168		-|(% style="width:227px" %)DD|(% style="width:527px" %)Differences, period on period, second order|(% style="width:976px" %)
169		-|(% style="width:227px" %)D4|(% style="width:527px" %)Difference, period on 4 periods, first order|(% style="width:976px" %)
170		-|(% style="width:227px" %)F2|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, flow over stock, over two periods|(% style="width:976px" %)Period on period
171		-|(% style="width:227px" %)F3|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, flow over stock ,over 3 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
172		-|(% style="width:227px" %)F4|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, flow over stock over 4 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
173		-|(% style="width:227px" %)F6|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, flow over stock over 6 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
174		-|(% style="width:227px" %)F12|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, flow over stock over 12 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
175		-|(% style="width:227px" %)FO2|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over two periods|(% style="width:976px" %)Period on period
176		-|(% style="width:227px" %)FO3|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over 3 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
177		-|(% style="width:227px" %)FO4|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over 4 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
178		-|(% style="width:227px" %)FO6|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over 6 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
179		-|(% style="width:227px" %)FO12|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over 12 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
180		-|(% style="width:227px" %)FO16|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over 16 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
181		-|(% style="width:227px" %)G2|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, over two periods|(% style="width:976px" %)Period on period
182		-|(% style="width:227px" %)G3|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate over 3 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
183		-|(% style="width:227px" %)**G4**|(% style="width:527px" %)**Growth rate over 4 periods**|(% style="width:976px" %)
184		-|(% style="width:227px" %)G6|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate over 6 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
185		-|(% style="width:227px" %)G10|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, over 10 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
186		-|(% style="width:227px" %)G12|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate over 12 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
187		-|(% style="width:227px" %)GR|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, over reference year|(% style="width:976px" %)
188		-|(% style="width:227px" %)GO2|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, over 2 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)Period on period
189		-|(% style="width:227px" %)GO3|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, over 3 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
190		-|(% style="width:227px" %)GO4|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, over 4 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
191		-|(% style="width:227px" %)GO6|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, over 6 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
192		-|(% style="width:227px" %)GO12|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, over 12 periods|(% style="width:976px" %)
193		-|(% style="width:227px" %)LA|(% style="width:527px" %)Annualised levels|(% style="width:976px" %)This relates to stock versus flow series. For example, many countries publish their QNA at quarterly level, which means that annual GDP is the sum of the four quarters, whereas some countries publish their QNA at annual level (e.g. US), which means that annual GDP is the average of the four quarters. In order to present quarterly data in comparable levels across countries and to derive zone aggregates, quarterly data expressed at quarterly levels are “transformed” to annual levels (i.e. multiplied by four) and have this code.
194		-|(% style="width:227px" %)G1Y|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, over 1 year|(% style="width:976px" %)
195		-|(% style="width:227px" %)F1Y|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, flow over stock, over 1 year|(% style="width:976px" %)
196		-|(% style="width:227px" %)D1Y|(% style="width:527px" %)Difference, over 1 year|(% style="width:976px" %)
197		-|(% style="width:227px" %)G3Y|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, over 3 years|(% style="width:976px" %)
198		-|(% style="width:227px" %)G4Y|(% style="width:527px" %)Growth rate, over 4 years|(% style="width:976px" %)
199		-|(% style="width:227px" %)GC5Y|(% style="width:527px" %)Compound growth rate, over 5 years|(% style="width:976px" %)
200		-|(% style="width:227px" %)GC10Y|(% style="width:527px" %)Compound growth rate, over 10 years|(% style="width:976px" %)
201		-|(% style="width:227px" %)GO1Y|(% style="width:527px" %)Contribution to growth rate, over 1 year|(% style="width:976px" %)
202		-|(% style="width:227px" %)C1Y|(% style="width:527px" %)Cumulated sum, over 1 year|(% style="width:976px" %)
	172	+|**Recommended code value**|**Recommended
	173	+code description**|**Annotation**
	174	+|N|Non transformed data|
	175	+|A2|2-period moving average|Period on period
	176	+|A3|3-period moving average|
	177	+|A4|4-period moving average|
	178	+|A6|6-period moving average|
	179	+|A12|12-period moving average|
	180	+|C3|3-period cumulated sum|
	181	+|C4|4-period cumulated sum|
	182	+|C6|6-period cumulated sum|
	183	+|C12|12-period cumulated sum|
	184	+|C16|16-period cumulated sum|
	185	+|D2|Differences, period on period, first order|
	186	+|DD|Differences, period on period, second order|
	187	+|D4|Difference, period on 4 periods, first order|
	188	+|F2|Growth rate, flow over stock, over two periods|Period on period
	189	+|F3|Growth rate, flow over stock ,over 3 periods|
	190	+|F4|Growth rate, flow over stock over 4 periods|
	191	+|F6|Growth rate, flow over stock over 6 periods|
	192	+|F12|Growth rate, flow over stock over 12 periods|
	193	+|FO2|Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over two periods|Period on period
	194	+|FO3|Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over 3 periods|
	195	+|FO4|Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over 4 periods|
	196	+|FO6|Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over 6 periods|
	197	+|FO12|Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over 12 periods|
	198	+|FO16|Contribution to growth rate, flow over stock, over 16 periods|
	199	+|G2|Growth rate, over two periods|Period on period
	200	+|G3|Growth rate over 3 periods|
	201	+|**G4**|**Growth rate over 4 periods**|
	202	+|G6|Growth rate over 6 periods|
	203	+|G10|Growth rate, over 10 periods|
	204	+|G12|Growth rate over 12 periods|
	205	+|GR|Growth rate, over reference year|
	206	+|GO2|Contribution to growth rate, over 2 periods|Period on period
	207	+|GO3|Contribution to growth rate, over 3 periods|
	208	+|GO4|Contribution to growth rate, over 4 periods|
	209	+|GO6|Contribution to growth rate, over 6 periods|
	210	+|GO12|Contribution to growth rate, over 12 periods|
	211	+|LA|Annualised levels|This relates to stock versus flow series. For example, many countries publish their QNA at quarterly level, which means that annual GDP is the sum of the four quarters, whereas some countries publish their QNA at annual level (e.g. US), which means that annual GDP is the average of the four quarters. In order to present quarterly data in comparable levels across countries and to derive zone aggregates, quarterly data expressed at quarterly levels are “transformed” to annual levels (i.e. multiplied by four) and have this code.
	212	+|G1Y|Growth rate, over 1 year|
	213	+|F1Y|Growth rate, flow over stock, over 1 year|
	214	+|D1Y|Difference, over 1 year|
	215	+|G3Y|Growth rate, over 3 years|
	216	+|G4Y|Growth rate, over 4 years|
	217	+|GC5Y|Compound growth rate, over 5 years|
	218	+|GC10Y|Compound growth rate, over 10 years|
	219	+|GO1Y|Contribution to growth rate, over 1 year|
	220	+|C1Y|Cumulated sum, over 1 year|
203	203
204	204	The use of codes like G3Y introduces redundancy in the code list. G3Y equals G36 for monthly data, G12 for quarterly data and G3 for annual data. Thus introducing such extensions should be well justified by solid use cases and DSD guidelines should explain which of the two possibilities (GxY or Gx) are preferred and why. Machine-to-machine queries, formulas, validation rules or coding templates may require mappings between those possibilities, taking into account both the frequency of a series and the transformation code.
205	205
206		-= 4. Annex: coded examples =
	224	+= Annex: coded examples =
207	207
208	208	The table below shows coding example using all 3 options lined out above.
209	209
210		-|(% style="width:571px" %)Statement|(% style="width:486px" %)Normalised{{footnote}}For sake of readability the prefix TIMETRANS_ was not put in the table. The concepts are in fact called TIMETRANS_TYPE and TIMETRANS_PER.{{/footnote}}|Type+Period|Type+Period+Freq
211		-|(% style="width:571px" %)Level series (non transformed data)|(% style="width:486px" %)(((
	228	+|Statement|Normalised[[(% class="wikiinternallink wikiinternallink" %)**~[5~]**>>path:#_ftn5]]|Type+Period|Type+Period+Freq
	229	+|Level series (non transformed data)|(((
212	212	FREQ=A or Q or M …
	231	+
213	213	TYPE=N
	233	+
214	214	PER=1
215	215	)))|(((
216	216	FREQ=A or Q or M …
	237	+
217	217	TIMETRANS=N
218	218	)))|(((
219	219	FREQ=A or Q or M …
	241	+
220	220	TIMETRANS=N
221	221	)))
222		-|(% style="width:571px" %)Quarter on quarter growth rate|(% style="width:486px" %)(((
	244	+|Quarter on quarter growth rate|(((
223	223	FREQ=Q
	246	+
224	224	TYPE=G
	248	+
225	225	PER=1
226	226	)))|(((
227	227	FREQ=Q
	252	+
228	228	TIMETRANS=G1
229	229	)))|(((
230	230	FREQ=Q or M …
	256	+
231	231	TIMETRANS=G1Q
232	232	)))
233		-|(% style="width:571px" %)Contribution to growth over 1 year (quarterly data)|(% style="width:486px" %)(((
	259	+|Contribution to growth over 1 year (quarterly data)|(((
234	234	FREQ=Q
	261	+
235	235	TYPE=GC
	263	+
236	236	PER=4
237	237	)))|(((
238	238	FREQ=Q
	267	+
239	239	TIMETRANS=GC4
240	240	)))|(((
241	241	FREQ=Q
	271	+
242	242	TIMETRANS=GC1Y
243	243	)))
244		-|(% style="width:571px" %)Contribution to growth over 1 year (annual data)|(% style="width:486px" %)(((
	274	+|Contribution to growth over 1 year (annual data)|(((
245	245	FREQ=A
	276	+
246	246	TYPE=GC
	278	+
247	247	PER=1
248	248	)))|(((
249	249	FREQ=A
	282	+
250	250	TIMETRANS=GC1
251	251	)))|(((
252	252	FREQ=A
	286	+
253	253	TIMETRANS=GC1Y
254	254	)))
255		-|(% style="width:571px" %)3 months moving average|(% style="width:486px" %)(((
	289	+|3 months moving average|(((
256	256	FREQ=M
257		-~|TYPE=A
	291	+
	292	+TYPE=A
	293	+
258	258	PER=3
259	259	)))|(((
260	260	FREQ=M
	297	+
261	261	TIMETRANS=A3
262	262	)))|(((
263	263	FREQ=Q or M …
	301	+
264	264	TIMETRANS=A3M
265	265	)))
266		-|(% style="width:571px" %)Annual index|(% style="width:486px" %)(((
	304	+|Annual index|(((
267	267	FREQ=A
	306	+
268	268	TYPE=I
	308	+
269	269	PER=1
270	270	)))|(((
271	271	FREQ=A
	312	+
272	272	TIMETRANS=I1
273	273	)))|(((
274	274	FREQ=A or Q or M …
	316	+
275	275	TIMETRANS=I1Y
276	276	)))
277	277
278	278
	321	+
279	279	----
280	280
281		-{{putFootnotes/}}
	324	+[[~[1~]>>path:#_ftnref1]] Note that for the case of an index, it is useful to specify the reference base period in an additional attribute (see concept BASE_PER specified in the SDMX Glossary).
	325	+
	326	+[[~[2~]>>path:#_ftnref2]] [[http:~~/~~/sdmx.org/>>url:http://sdmx.org/]]
	327	+
	328	+[[~[3~]>>path:#_ftnref3]] Note: often growth rates are expressed as percentage growth, in which case the value is multiplied with 100%. This is however not relevant for this guideline and is left out for simplicity.
	329	+
	330	+[[~[4~]>>path:#_ftnref4]] Example:
	331	+
	332	+|**G1_C4**|Growth rate, period on period, over 4-period cumulated sum
	333	+
	334	+
	335	+
	336	+[[~[5~]>>path:#_ftnref5]] For sake of readability the prefix **TIMETRANS_ **was not put in the table. The concepts are in fact called **TIMETRANS_TYPE** and **TIMETRANS_PER**.

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