Changes for page Revised draft resolution concerning statistics on work relationships

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67	67	* (c) Those employed as independent workers have as many jobs as the economic units they own or co-own, irrespective of the number of clients served.
68	68	* (d) For those employed as dependent workers the set of tasks should be considered to be performed for the economic unit on which the worker is dependent and a separate job defined for each economic unit on which the worker is dependent.
69	69	* (e) Separate work activities are defined when a person is engaged in both own-use production of goods and own-use provision of services for the same household. This allows the identification of work activities within and beyond the production boundary in the System of National Accounts (SNA).
70		-* (f) Since statistics on work relationships refer primarily to characteristics of jobs or work activities in specific economic units, persons may have as many work relationships as they have jobs or work activities in economic units.
71		-* (g) Two characteristics of jobs and work activities are relevant to differentiate them according to status at work and status in employment, and to arrange them into aggregate groups. These are the type of authority that the worker is able to exercise in relation to the work performed and the type of economic risk to which the worker is exposed.
72	72
73		-== Type of authority ==
	71	+9. Since statistics on work relationships refer primarily to characteristics of jobs or work activities in specific economic units, persons may have as many work relationships as they have jobs or work activities in economic units.
74	74
75		-The //type of authority// refers to the nature of the control that the worker has over the organization of his or her work, the nature of authority that he or she exercises over the economic unit for which the work is performed (including its activities and transactions), and the extent to which the worker is dependent on another person or economic unit for organization of the work and/or for access to the market. The type of authority is used to classify workers as //dependent //or// independent.//
	73	+10. Two characteristics of jobs and work activities are relevant to differentiate them according to status at work and status in employment, and to arrange them into aggregate groups. These are the type of authority that the worker is able to exercise in relation to the work performed and the type of economic risk to which the worker is exposed.
76	76
77		-Independent workers
	75	+== Type of authority ==
78	78
79		-Independent workers own the economic unit in which they work and control its activities. They make the most important decisions about the activities of the economic unit and the organization of their work. They may work on their own account or in partnership with other independent workers and may or may not provide work for others.
	77	+~11. The //type of authority// refers to the nature of the control that the worker has over the organization of his or her work, the nature of authority that he or she exercises over the economic unit for which the work is performed (including its activities and transactions), and the extent to which the worker is dependent on another person or economic unit for organization of the work and/or for access to the market. The type of authority is used to classify workers as //dependent //or// independent.//
80	80
81		-Entrepreneurs
	79	+=== Independent workers ===
82	82
83		-Entrepreneurs are workers who create work for themselves and potentially for others by establishing and operating an enterprise. The category of “independent workers” in the classification of status in employment provides the best starting point for the identification and compilation of statistics on entrepreneurs. Additional information relevant to the national context, such as the size and nature of the enterprise, is needed to provide complete statistics on entrepreneurship and to accurately identify those workers who are creating employment opportunities for themselves or for others.
	81	+12. Independent workers own the economic unit in which they work and control its activities. They make the most important decisions about the activities of the economic unit and the organization of their work. They may work on their own account or in partnership with other independent workers and may or may not provide work for others.
84	84
85		-Dependent workers
	83	+=== Entrepreneurs ===
86	86
87		-Dependent workers are workers who do not have complete authority or control over the economic unit for which they work. If they are in employment for profit they have no employees, and do not make the most important decisions about the activities of the economic unit for which they work.
	85	+13. Entrepreneurs are workers who create work for themselves and potentially for others by establishing and operating an enterprise. The category of “independent workers” in the classification of status in employment provides the best starting point for the identification and compilation of statistics on entrepreneurs. Additional information relevant to the national context, such as the size and nature of the enterprise, is needed to provide complete statistics on entrepreneurship and to accurately identify those workers who are creating employment opportunities for themselves or for others.
88	88
	87	+=== Dependent workers ===
	88	+
	89	+14. Dependent workers are workers who do not have complete authority or control over the economic unit for which they work. If they are in employment for profit they have no employees, and do not make the most important decisions about the activities of the economic unit for which they work.
	90	+
89	89	== Type of economic risk ==
90	90
91		-//Type of economic risk// refers to the extent to which the worker may: (1) be exposed to the loss of financial or other resources in pursuance of the activity; and (2) experience unreliability of remuneration in cash or in kind or receive no remuneration.
	93	+15. //Type of economic risk// refers to the extent to which the worker may: (1) be exposed to the loss of financial or other resources in pursuance of the activity; and (2) experience unreliability of remuneration in cash or in kind or receive no remuneration.
92	92
93		-Economic risk may be measured operationally by considering:
	95	+16. Economic risk may be measured operationally by considering:
94	94
95		-* the existence and nature of remuneration for the work performed;
96		-* the circumstances in which the job or work activity may be terminated; and
97		-* the extent to which the worker is protected in the event of sickness, accident, or termination of the job.
98		-* In statistics on employment, the type of economic risk is used to classify workers as //in employment for profit //or// in employment for pay //based primarily on the nature of the remuneration for a particular job. The aspects of the nature of the remuneration taken into consideration include whether or not remuneration is received or expected:
99		-** in the form of profit (and therefore also entails the risk of loss);
100		-** based on time worked;
101		-** by the piece for the goods produced or services provided; or
102		-** as a fee for the production of goods or provision of services.
	97	+* (a) the existence and nature of remuneration for the work performed;
	98	+* (b) the circumstances in which the job or work activity may be terminated; and
	99	+* (c) the extent to which the worker is protected in the event of sickness, accident, or termination of the job.
103	103
104		-Workers in employment for profit
	101	+17. In statistics on employment, the type of economic risk is used to classify workers as //in employment for profit //or// in employment for pay //based primarily on the nature of the remuneration for a particular job. The aspects of the nature of the remuneration taken into consideration include whether or not remuneration is received or expected:
105	105
106		-//Workers in employment for profit// are employed persons whose remuneration is directly and entirely dependent on the profit or loss made by the economic unit in which they are employed, including remuneration in cash or in kind by way of a commercial transaction for goods produced or services provided. They do not receive a wage or salary in return for time worked.
	103	+* (a) in the form of profit (and therefore also entails the risk of loss);
	104	+* (b) based on time worked;
	105	+* (c) by the piece for the goods produced or services provided; or
	106	+* (d) as a fee for the production of goods or provision of services.
107	107
108		-Owner-operators of corporations are excluded from workers in employment for profit. While they are exposed to economic risk related to the potential for loss of investments made in the corporation, the risk is mitigated due to limitations of liability when corporations are separate legal entities from the persons who own them. They may receive a wage or salary whether or not the corporation is making a profit and may also be in receipt of payments deriving from profits.
	108	+=== Workers in employment for profit ===
109	109
110		-Workers in employment for pay
	110	+18. //Workers in employment for profit// are employed persons whose remuneration is directly and entirely dependent on the profit or loss made by the economic unit in which they are employed, including remuneration in cash or in kind by way of a commercial transaction for goods produced or services provided. They do not receive a wage or salary in return for time worked.
111	111
112		-Workers in employment for pay are employed persons who receive, or expect to receive, remuneration in cash or in kind, in return for time worked or for each piece or service produced. They include both employees and owner-operators of corporations who hold a job in an incorporated enterprise which they own and control.
	112	+19. Owner-operators of corporations are excluded from workers in employment for profit. While they are exposed to economic risk related to the potential for loss of investments made in the corporation, the risk is mitigated due to limitations of liability when corporations are separate legal entities from the persons who own them. They may receive a wage or salary whether or not the corporation is making a profit and may also be in receipt of payments deriving from profits.
113	113
	114	+=== Workers in employment for pay ===
	115	+
	116	+20. Workers in employment for pay are employed persons who receive, or expect to receive, remuneration in cash or in kind, in return for time worked or for each piece or service produced. They include both employees and owner-operators of corporations who hold a job in an incorporated enterprise which they own and control.
	117	+
114	114	= The International Classification of Status  in Employment (ICSE-18) =
115	115
116		-The International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-18) classifies jobs in employment for pay or profit into ten detailed categories based on the concepts of type of authority and type of economic risk described above. These categories may be aggregated according to two alternative classification hierarchies: the //International Classification of Status in Employment according to type of authority (ICSE-18-A) //and the //International Classification of Status in Employment according to type of economic risk (ICSE-18-R).//
	120	+21. The International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-18) classifies jobs in employment for pay or profit into ten detailed categories based on the concepts of type of authority and type of economic risk described above. These categories may be aggregated according to two alternative classification hierarchies: the //International Classification of Status in Employment according to type of authority (ICSE-18-A) //and the //International Classification of Status in Employment according to type of economic risk (ICSE-18-R).//
117	117
118		-Both hierarchies for status in employment, based on economic risk and authority, should have equal priority when producing statistics. Statistics from labour force surveys and, when possible from other relevant sources, should be compiled on a regular basis according to both hierarchies.
	122	+22. Both hierarchies for status in employment, based on economic risk and authority, should have equal priority when producing statistics. Statistics from labour force surveys and, when possible from other relevant sources, should be compiled on a regular basis according to both hierarchies.
119	119
120	120	== International Classification of Status in Employment according to type of authority (ICSE-18-A) ==
121	121
122		-ICSE-18-A provides, at its top level, a dichotomy between independent workers and dependent workers in which:
	126	+23. ICSE-18-A provides, at its top level, a dichotomy between independent workers and dependent workers in which:
123	123
124	124	//Independent workers// are classified into the following groups:
125	125
126		-1.
127		-11. Employers
128		-111. – Employers in corporations
129		-111. – Employers in household market enterprises
130		-11. Independent workers without employees
131		-111. – Owner-operators of corporations without employees
132		-111. – Own-account workers in household market enterprises without employees
	130	+A. Employers
133	133
	132	+11 – Employers in corporations
	133	+
	134	+12 – Employers in household market enterprises
	135	+
	136	+B. Independent workers without employees
	137	+
	138	+21 – Owner-operators of corporations without employees
	139	+
	140	+22 – Own-account workers in household market enterprises without employees
	141	+
134	134	//Dependent workers// are classified into the following groups:
135	135
136		-1.
	144	+1.
137	137	11. Dependent contractors
138	138
139	139	30 – Dependent contractors
140	140
141		-1.
	149	+1.
142	142	11. Employees
143	143	111. – Permanent employees
144	144	111. – Fixed-term employees
...	...	@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
157	157
158	158	//Workers in employment for profit// are classified into the following groups:
159	159
160		-1.
	168	+1.
161	161	11. Independent workers in household market enterprises
162	162
163	163	12 – Employers in household market enterprises
...	...	@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
174	174
175	175	//Workers in employment for pay// are classified into the following groups:
176	176
177		-1.
	185	+1.
178	178	11. Owner-operators of corporations
179	179
180	180	11 – Employers in corporations
...	...	@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@
183	183
184	184	D. Employees
185	185
186		-1.
187		-11.
	194	+1.
	195	+11.
188	188	111. – Permanent employees
189	189	111. – Fixed-term employees
190	190	111. – Short-term and casual employees
...	...	@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
193	193
194	194	= Definitions and explanatory notes for categories in the two hierarchies of the International Classification of Status in Employment =
195	195
196		-== A. Employers ==
	204	+== A. Employers ==
197	197
198	198	1. Employers own the economic unit in which they work and control its activities on their own account or in partnership with others, and in this capacity employ one or more persons (including temporarily absent employees but excluding themselves, their partners and family helpers) to work as an employee for at least one hour per week. In statistics on employment, they include:
199	199	11. – Employers in corporations
...	...	@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
236	236
237	237	21 – Owner-operators of corporations without employees
238	238
239		-== 3. Dependent contractors ==
	247	+== 3. Dependent contractors ==
240	240
241	241	1. //Dependent contractors //are workers employed for profit, usually by way of a commercial transaction, who are dependent on another entity that directly benefits from the work performed by them and exercises explicit or implicit control over their activities. Their dependency may be of an operational nature, for example through organization of the work or control over access to the market, and/or of an economic nature such as through control over the price for the goods or services produced, or access to raw materials or capital items. The economic units on which they depend may be market or non-market units and include corporations, governments and non-profit institutions.
242	242	1. Some or all of the following characteristics apply to dependent contractors:
...	...	@@ -285,14 +285,14 @@
285	285
286	286	(b) the arrangement is of a short-term nature, with a duration of less than three months from the first day of employment to the expected final day of employment.
287	287
288		-1.
	296	+1.
289	289	11. Employment in this category may provide flexibility for workers who need to balance employment with family responsibilities, education, or other forms of work but may also entail insecurity of income and employment.
290	290	11. This category includes two groups which may be separately identified if relevant in national circumstances: //short-term employees //and //casual and intermittent employees~://
291	291	111. //short-term employees //are those who are guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work and are employed on a time-limited basis with an expected duration of less than three months. They include:
292	292	1111. employees with contracts of employment with a duration of less than three months;
293		-1.
294		-11.
295		-111.
	301	+1.
	302	+11.
	303	+111.
296	296	1111. employees without formal arrangements or contracts when it is understood that the employment will be of a duration of less than three months; and
297	297	111. //casual and intermittent employees //are those who have no guarantee of employment for a certain number of hours during a specified period but may have arrangements of an ongoing or recurring nature. Depending on national circumstances and specific contractual arrangements pertaining to the job, this group includes employees engaged on a casual or intermittent basis, workers on zero-hours contracts, employees who are only paid when called in to work, and workers hired on a day-to-day basis.
298	298	11. Unless the total duration of the employment arrangement is less than three months, short-term and casual employees exclude:
...	...	@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
307	307	111. undertaking general on-the-job training or life-long learning while in employment, including in market and non-market units owned by household or family members; and
308	308	111. working without pay in market or non-market units owned by household or family members.
309	309
310		-== E. Contributing family workers ==
	318	+== E. Contributing family workers ==
311	311
312	312	**57. **//Contributing family workers// assist a family member or household member in a market-oriented enterprise operated by the family or household member, or in a job in which the assisted family or household member is an employee or dependent contractor. They do not receive regular payments, such as a wage or salary, in return for the work performed, but may benefit in kind or receive irregular payments in cash as a result of the outputs of their work through family or intra-household transfers, derived from the profits of the enterprise or from the income of the other person. They do not make the most important decisions affecting the enterprise or have responsibility for it.
313	313
...	...	@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@
320	320
321	321	~1. Employers
322	322
323		-1.
	331	+1.
324	324	11. – Employers in corporations
325	325	11. – Employers in household market enterprises
326	326	11. – Employers in own-use provision of services
...	...	@@ -370,9 +370,9 @@
370	370
371	371	23 – Independent workers in own-use provision of services without employees
372	372
373		-1.
374		-11.
375		-111.
	381	+1.
	382	+11.
	383	+111.
376	376	1111. – Family helpers in own-use provision of services
377	377	111. Workers in own-use production of goods
378	378
...	...	@@ -380,9 +380,9 @@
380	380
381	381	24 – Independent workers in own-use production of goods without employees
382	382
383		-1.
384		-11.
385		-111.
	391	+1.
	392	+11.
	393	+111.
386	386	1111. – Family helpers in own-use production of goods
387	387	11. Volunteer workers
388	388
...	...	@@ -406,8 +406,8 @@
406	406
407	407	(a) Excluded from this group are workers who:
408	408
409		-1.
410		-11.
	417	+1.
	418	+11.
411	411	111. perform non-compulsory work without remuneration through or for organizations comprising market and non-market units, including self-help, mutual aid or community-based groups of which the worker is a member; and
412	412	111. produce goods or services for consumption by members of the worker’s own household or family.
413	413
...	...	@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@
433	433	11. unpaid apprentices, trainees and interns;
434	434	11. workers performing unpaid compulsory activities; (iii) direct volunteers.
435	435
436		-== 9. Other unpaid workers ==
	444	+== 9. Other unpaid workers ==
437	437
438	438	**72. **//Other unpaid workers// are workers who cannot be classified in any other groups in the International Classification of Status at Work. They include workers performing activities such as unpaid community service and unpaid work by prisoners, when ordered by a court or similar authority, and unpaid military or civilian service.
439	439
...	...	@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@
492	492
493	493	**84. **Information on full-time/part-time status, usual hours worked and contractual hours of work should be collected in accordance with the most recent international standards for statistics on working time (currently the 18th ICLS Resolution concerning the measurement of working time). Information on contractual hours of work is required to determine whether employees have arrangements that provide a guaranteed minimum number of hours of work, and is essential for derivation of the subcategories of employees.
494	494
495		-== Main reason for non-permanent employment ==
	503	+== Main reason for non-permanent employment ==
496	496
497	497	1. //Main reason for non-permanent employment// refers to the main reason why an employed person does not have a permanent work contract or arrangement. Statistics on the reason for non-permanent employment should be collected for all employees classified as fixed-term, or as short-term and casual employees. Such statistics should also be collected for dependent contractors if relevant for national purposes.
498	498	1. Statistical outputs on the main reason for non-permanent employment should include at least the following categories:
...	...	@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
515	515	1. Type of employment agreement should not be used directly to measure informality, since workers with oral agreements can be subject to social protection, and workers with written contracts may or may not meet the criteria for formality.
516	516	1. At a minimum, categories for “written contract” and “oral agreement” should be used in statistical outputs. Statistics indicating whether the agreement is collective or individual should also be compiled from relevant statistical sources.
517	517
518		-== Form of remuneration ==
	526	+== Form of remuneration ==
519	519
520	520	1. //Form of remuneration// refers to the basis on which a worker is paid, rather than on the form of payment (e.g. cash or in kind). It should specify the information relevant to understand the nature of the employment relationship, but not necessarily other aspects of remuneration. The variable “forms of remuneration” is required to assist with identification of the status in employment categories and should include information about all forms of remuneration received by the worker in a particular job. A separate recommended variable on “main form of remuneration”, provides additional information that may be collected by adding an additional question.
521	521	1. At a minimum, the following categories are needed:
...	...	@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@
574	574	1. //Domestic workers employed by service providers// are employees of economic units such as agencies that provide domestic services to households. //Domestic service providers// //employed for profit// provide domestic services to private households as independent workers or dependent contractors.
575	575	1. Domestic employees may be identified in statistical collections when the economic activity of their employer is equivalent to ISIC Rev.4 Division 97, Activities of households as employers of domestic personnel. Other domestic workers may be identified in statistical collections if their occupation is one of those commonly held by domestic employees, and their main place of work is the client’s residence. Analysis of these occupations by place of work may also allow the identification of other workers not considered to be domestic workers, but who perform services frequently provided by domestic workers (such as laundry, childcare and personal care) in settings such as their own home or workplace, or in the workplace of agencies providing such services.
576	576
577		-== Home-based workers ==
	585	+== Home-based workers ==
578	578
579	579	**105. **//Home-based workers// are workers whose main place of work is their own home. They may be employers, independent workers without employees, dependent contractors, employees or contributing family workers.
580	580