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edited by Helena K.
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314 314  
315 315  === 42 – Fixed-term employees ===
316 316  
317 -//Fixed-term employees// are employees who are guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work and are employed on a time-limited basis for a period of three months or more. They are full-time or part-time workers employed for pay, in formal or informal jobs, who have arrangements whereby:
317 +48. //Fixed-term employees// are employees who are guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work and are employed on a time-limited basis for a period of three months or more. They are full-time or part-time workers employed for pay, in formal or informal jobs, who have arrangements whereby:
318 318  
319 -there is a specified date, other than any age or time for retirement, on which the employment will be terminated, or an event such as the end of the harvest or completion of a construction or other project, which will lead to termination of employment;
319 +* (a) there is a specified date, other than any age or time for retirement, on which the employment will be terminated, or an event such as the end of the harvest or completion of a construction or other project, which will lead to termination of employment;
320 +* (b) the total duration of the employment is expected to be at least three months from the first day of employment to the expected final day of employment;
321 +* (c) the employer agrees to provide work and pay for a specified number of hours, or to pay for the number of goods or services produced, in a set period; and
322 +* (d) the worker agrees to work for at least the specified number of hours, or for the time required to produce a specified number of goods or services. // //
320 320  
321 -the total duration of the employment is expected to be at least three months from the first day of employment to the expected final day of employment;
324 +49. Fixed-term employees include:
322 322  
323 -the employer agrees to provide work and pay for a specified number of hours, or to pay for the number of goods or services produced, in a set period; and
326 +* (a) employees with fixed-term contracts of employment with a duration greater than three months; and
327 +* (b) employees without formal arrangements or contracts when it is understood that the employment will have a duration of at least three months but not of an indefinite nature.
324 324  
325 -the worker agrees to work for at least the specified number of hours, or for the time required to produce a specified number of goods or services. // //
329 +50. Paid apprentices, trainees and interns with fixed-term employment arrangements are excluded from this group.
326 326  
327 -Fixed-term employees include:
331 +=== 43 – Short-term and casual employees ===
328 328  
329 -employees with fixed-term contracts of employment with a duration greater than three months; and
333 +51. Short-term and casual employees are employees with short-term employment arrangements and/or without a guaranteed minimum number of hours of work per pay period. They are workers employed for pay, in formal or informal jobs, who have arrangements whereby:
330 330  
331 -employees without formal arrangements or contracts when it is understood that the employment will have a duration of at least three months but not of an indefinite nature.
335 +* (a) there is no guarantee to offer work or to perform work during a set period; or
336 +* (b) the arrangement is of a short-term nature, with a duration of less than three months from the first day of employment to the expected final day of employment.
332 332  
333 -Paid apprentices, trainees and interns with fixed-term employment arrangements are excluded from this group.
338 +52. Employment in this category may provide flexibility for workers who need to balance employment with family responsibilities, education, or other forms of work but may also entail insecurity of income and employment.
334 334  
335 - Short-term and casual employees
340 +53. This category includes two groups which may be separately identified if relevant in national circumstances: //short-term employees //and //casual and intermittent employees~://
336 336  
337 -Short-term and casual employees are employees with short-term employment arrangements and/or without a guaranteed minimum number of hours of work per pay period. They are workers employed for pay, in formal or informal jobs, who have arrangements whereby: (a) there is no guarantee to offer work or to perform work during a set period; or
342 +* //short-term employees //are those who are guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work and are employed on a time-limited basis with an expected duration of less than three months. They include:
343 +* employees with contracts of employment with a duration of less than three months;
344 +* employees without formal arrangements or contracts when it is understood that the employment will be of a duration of less than three months; and
345 +* //casual and intermittent employees //are those who have no guarantee of employment for a certain number of hours during a specified period but may have arrangements of an ongoing or recurring nature. Depending on national circumstances and specific contractual arrangements pertaining to the job, this group includes employees engaged on a casual or intermittent basis, workers on zero-hours contracts, employees who are only paid when called in to work, and workers hired on a day-to-day basis.
338 338  
339 -(b) the arrangement is of a short-term nature, with a duration of less than three months from the first day of employment to the expected final day of employment.
347 +Unless the total duration of the employment arrangement is less than three months, short-term and casual employees exclude:
340 340  
341 -1.
342 -11. Employment in this category may provide flexibility for workers who need to balance employment with family responsibilities, education, or other forms of work but may also entail insecurity of income and employment.
343 -11. This category includes two groups which may be separately identified if relevant in national circumstances: //short-term employees //and //casual and intermittent employees~://
344 -111. //short-term employees //are those who are guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work and are employed on a time-limited basis with an expected duration of less than three months. They include:
345 -1111. employees with contracts of employment with a duration of less than three months;
346 -1.
347 -11.
348 -111.
349 -1111. employees without formal arrangements or contracts when it is understood that the employment will be of a duration of less than three months; and
350 -111. //casual and intermittent employees //are those who have no guarantee of employment for a certain number of hours during a specified period but may have arrangements of an ongoing or recurring nature. Depending on national circumstances and specific contractual arrangements pertaining to the job, this group includes employees engaged on a casual or intermittent basis, workers on zero-hours contracts, employees who are only paid when called in to work, and workers hired on a day-to-day basis.
351 -11. Unless the total duration of the employment arrangement is less than three months, short-term and casual employees exclude: 
352 -111. workers with on-call working-time arrangements who are guaranteed a specified amount of employment per pay period; and
353 -111. workers who are guaranteed to be offered work and to be paid for at least one hour per week.
354 -1. – Paid apprentices, trainees and interns
355 -11. Paid apprentices, trainees and interns are employees who perform any activity to produce goods or provide services for others, in order to acquire workplace experience or skills in a trade or profession, and receive payment in return for work performed. Acquiring “workplace experience or skills” may occur through traditional, formal or informal arrangements whether or not a specific qualification or certification is issued. They are usually remunerated at a reduced rate compared to fully qualified workers. They include persons involved in:
356 -111. paid formal or informal traineeships, apprenticeships, internships or other types of programmes, according to national circumstances; and
357 -111. paid skills training or retraining schemes within employment promotion programmes, when engaged in the production process of the economic unit for which they work.
358 -11. They exclude workers who are: 
359 -111. undergoing periods of probation associated with the start of a job;
360 -111. undertaking general on-the-job training or life-long learning while in employment, including in market and non-market units owned by household or family members; and
361 -111. working without pay in market or non-market units owned by household or family members.
349 +* workers with on-call working-time arrangements who are guaranteed a specified amount of employment per pay period; and
350 +* workers who are guaranteed to be offered work and to be paid for at least one hour per week.
362 362  
352 +– Paid apprentices, trainees and interns
353 +
354 +Paid apprentices, trainees and interns are employees who perform any activity to produce goods or provide services for others, in order to acquire workplace experience or skills in a trade or profession, and receive payment in return for work performed. Acquiring “workplace experience or skills” may occur through traditional, formal or informal arrangements whether or not a specific qualification or certification is issued. They are usually remunerated at a reduced rate compared to fully qualified workers. They include persons involved in:
355 +
356 +* paid formal or informal traineeships, apprenticeships, internships or other types of programmes, according to national circumstances; and
357 +* paid skills training or retraining schemes within employment promotion programmes, when engaged in the production process of the economic unit for which they work.
358 +
359 +They exclude workers who are:
360 +
361 +* undergoing periods of probation associated with the start of a job;
362 +* undertaking general on-the-job training or life-long learning while in employment, including in market and non-market units owned by household or family members; and
363 +* working without pay in market or non-market units owned by household or family members.
364 +
363 363  == E. Contributing family workers ==
364 364  
365 365  **57. **//Contributing family workers// assist a family member or household member in a market-oriented enterprise operated by the family or household member, or in a job in which the assisted family or household member is an employee or dependent contractor. They do not receive regular payments, such as a wage or salary, in return for the work performed, but may benefit in kind or receive irregular payments in cash as a result of the outputs of their work through family or intra-household transfers, derived from the profits of the enterprise or from the income of the other person. They do not make the most important decisions affecting the enterprise or have responsibility for it.
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