Changes for page Revised draft resolution concerning statistics on work relationships

Last modified by Artur K. on 2026/05/29 14:28

From 2.26 to 2.27 From 2.36 to 2.37

From version 2.27

edited by Helena K.
on 2026/01/15 22:10

Change comment: There is no comment for this version

To version 2.36

edited by Helena K.
on 2026/01/15 22:27

Change comment: There is no comment for this version

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@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
  * (c) by the piece for the goods produced or services provided; or
  * (d) as a fee for the production of goods or provision of services.
--=== Workers in employment for profit  ===
++=== Workers in employment for profit ===
 . //Workers in employment for profit// are employed persons whose remuneration is directly and entirely dependent on the profit or loss made by the economic unit in which they are employed, including remuneration in cash or in kind by way of a commercial transaction for goods produced or services provided. They do not receive a wage or salary in return for time worked.
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
 . Workers in employment for pay are employed persons who receive, or expect to receive, remuneration in cash or in kind, in return for time worked or for each piece or service produced. They include both employees and owner-operators of corporations who hold a job in an incorporated enterprise which they own and control.
--= The International Classification of Status  in Employment (ICSE-18) =
++= The International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-18) =
 . The International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-18) classifies jobs in employment for pay or profit into ten detailed categories based on the concepts of type of authority and type of economic risk described above. These categories may be aggregated according to two alternative classification hierarchies: the //International Classification of Status in Employment according to type of authority (ICSE-18-A) //and the //International Classification of Status in Employment according to type of economic risk (ICSE-18-R).//
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 . The classification according to type of authority is also the most suitable hierarchy for use as an input variable in the compilation of statistics classified by socio-economic status.
--== Classification of Status in Employment according  to type of economic risk (ICSE-18-R) ==
++== Classification of Status in Employment according to type of economic risk (ICSE-18-R) ==
 . ICSE-18-R provides a dichotomy between employment for pay and employment for profit. This latter dichotomy is analogous to the traditional distinction between paid employment and self-employment, used for example in the SNA.
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
 . Employers include those who have employees on a regular basis and those who have employees only on an occasional basis. Employers who have employees on a regular basis are those who usually have at least one employee for at least one hour each week. Employers who have an employee on an occasional basis, have employees less frequently than every week. Statistics on employers may be compiled either for those who have employees on a regular basis, or for all employers. When statistics are collected for all employers, those employers who have employees on a regular basis should, where possible, be identified separately from those who have them only on an occasional basis.
--=== 11 – Employers in corporations  ===
++=== 11 – Employers in corporations ===
 . //Employers in corporations// are workers who are owner-operators of corporations in which they employ one or more persons (including temporarily absent employees but excluding themselves, their partners and family helpers) to work as an employee for at least one hour per week.
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
 . Own-account workers in household market enterprises without employees are workers who operate an unincorporated market enterprise for profit, alone or with one or more partners or contributing family workers, and do not employ any persons to work in the enterprise as an employee.
--== F. Independent workers in household  market enterprises ==
++== F. Independent workers in household market enterprises ==
 . Independent workers in household market enterprises are workers who operate an unincorporated market enterprise for profit, alone or with one or more partners or contributing family workers. They may or may not be able to provide a complete set of accounts for the activities of the enterprise. They include:
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@
  * (a) there is no specified date or event on which the employment will be terminated other than any age or time for retirement that may apply in the economic unit concerned;
  * (b) the employer agrees to provide work and pay for a specified number of hours or to pay for the number of goods or services produced in a set period; and
--* (c) the worker agrees to work for at least the specified number of hours, or for the time required to produce a specified number of goods or services. // //
++* (c) the worker agrees to work for at least the specified number of hours, or for the time required to produce a specified number of goods or services.
  === 42 – Fixed-term employees ===
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
  * (a) there is a specified date, other than any age or time for retirement, on which the employment will be terminated, or an event such as the end of the harvest or completion of a construction or other project, which will lead to termination of employment;
  * (b) the total duration of the employment is expected to be at least three months from the first day of employment to the expected final day of employment;
  * (c) the employer agrees to provide work and pay for a specified number of hours, or to pay for the number of goods or services produced, in a set period; and
--* (d) the worker agrees to work for at least the specified number of hours, or for the time required to produce a specified number of goods or services. // //
++* (d) the worker agrees to work for at least the specified number of hours, or for the time required to produce a specified number of goods or services.
 . Fixed-term employees include:
@@ -339,133 +339,137 @@
 . This category includes two groups which may be separately identified if relevant in national circumstances: //short-term employees //and //casual and intermittent employees~://
--* //short-term employees //are those who are guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work and are employed on a time-limited basis with an expected duration of less than three months. They include:
--* employees with contracts of employment with a duration of less than three months;
--* employees without formal arrangements or contracts when it is understood that the employment will be of a duration of less than three months; and
--* //casual and intermittent employees //are those who have no guarantee of employment for a certain number of hours during a specified period but may have arrangements of an ongoing or recurring nature. Depending on national circumstances and specific contractual arrangements pertaining to the job, this group includes employees engaged on a casual or intermittent basis, workers on zero-hours contracts, employees who are only paid when called in to work, and workers hired on a day-to-day basis.
++* (a) //short-term employees //are those who are guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work and are employed on a time-limited basis with an expected duration of less than three months. They include:
++** {{{(i)}}} employees with contracts of employment with a duration of less than three months;
++** (ii) employees without formal arrangements or contracts when it is understood that the employment will be of a duration of less than three months; and
++* (b) //casual and intermittent employees //are those who have no guarantee of employment for a certain number of hours during a specified period but may have arrangements of an ongoing or recurring nature. Depending on national circumstances and specific contractual arrangements pertaining to the job, this group includes employees engaged on a casual or intermittent basis, workers on zero-hours contracts, employees who are only paid when called in to work, and workers hired on a day-to-day basis.
--Unless the total duration of the employment arrangement is less than three months, short-term and casual employees exclude:
++54. Unless the total duration of the employment arrangement is less than three months, short-term and casual employees exclude:
--* workers with on-call working-time arrangements who are guaranteed a specified amount of employment per pay period; and
--* workers who are guaranteed to be offered work and to be paid for at least one hour per week.
++* (a) workers with on-call working-time arrangements who are guaranteed a specified amount of employment per pay period; and
++* (b) workers who are guaranteed to be offered work and to be paid for at least one hour per week.
--– Paid apprentices, trainees and interns
++=== 44 – Paid apprentices, trainees and interns ===
--Paid apprentices, trainees and interns are employees who perform any activity to produce goods or provide services for others, in order to acquire workplace experience or skills in a trade or profession, and receive payment in return for work performed. Acquiring “workplace experience or skills” may occur through traditional, formal or informal arrangements whether or not a specific qualification or certification is issued. They are usually remunerated at a reduced rate compared to fully qualified workers. They include persons involved in:
++55. Paid apprentices, trainees and interns are employees who perform any activity to produce goods or provide services for others, in order to acquire workplace experience or skills in a trade or profession, and receive payment in return for work performed. Acquiring “workplace experience or skills” may occur through traditional, formal or informal arrangements whether or not a specific qualification or certification is issued. They are usually remunerated at a reduced rate compared to fully qualified workers. They include persons involved in:
--* paid formal or informal traineeships, apprenticeships, internships or other types of programmes, according to national circumstances; and
--* paid skills training or retraining schemes within employment promotion programmes, when engaged in the production process of the economic unit for which they work.
++* (a) paid formal or informal traineeships, apprenticeships, internships or other types of programmes, according to national circumstances; and
++* (b) paid skills training or retraining schemes within employment promotion programmes, when engaged in the production process of the economic unit for which they work.
  They exclude workers who are:
--* undergoing periods of probation associated with the start of a job;
--* undertaking general on-the-job training or life-long learning while in employment, including in market and non-market units owned by household or family members; and
--* working without pay in market or non-market units owned by household or family members.
++* (a) undergoing periods of probation associated with the start of a job;
++* (b) undertaking general on-the-job training or life-long learning while in employment, including in market and non-market units owned by household or family members; and
++* (c) working without pay in market or non-market units owned by household or family members.
  == E. Contributing family workers ==
--**57. **//Contributing family workers// assist a family member or household member in a market-oriented enterprise operated by the family or household member, or in a job in which the assisted family or household member is an employee or dependent contractor. They do not receive regular payments, such as a wage or salary, in return for the work performed, but may benefit in kind or receive irregular payments in cash as a result of the outputs of their work through family or intra-household transfers, derived from the profits of the enterprise or from the income of the other person. They do not make the most important decisions affecting the enterprise or have responsibility for it.
++57.** **//Contributing family workers// assist a family member or household member in a market-oriented enterprise operated by the family or household member, or in a job in which the assisted family or household member is an employee or dependent contractor. They do not receive regular payments, such as a wage or salary, in return for the work performed, but may benefit in kind or receive irregular payments in cash as a result of the outputs of their work through family or intra-household transfers, derived from the profits of the enterprise or from the income of the other person. They do not make the most important decisions affecting the enterprise or have responsibility for it.
  = International Classification of Status at Work (ICSaW-18) =
--1. The International Classification of Status at Work (ICSaW-18) provides an organizing framework for statistics classified by status at work from various sources. It is not expected that all of its categories will be collected with the same frequency, or used for the presentation of statistics from any particular source. It covers all jobs and work activities in all forms of work, including own-use production work, employment, unpaid trainee work, volunteer work and other forms of work. It comprises, at its most detailed level, 20 mutually exclusive categories, defined on the basis of the type of authority that the worker is able to exercise and the type of economic risk to which he or she is exposed in a particular job or work activity.
--1. The detailed status at work categories may be aggregated, based on the type of authority exercised by the worker, to form eight broad status-at-work groups which may be aggregated to form a dichotomy between dependent workers and independent workers, according to the following hierarchy.
++58. The International Classification of Status at Work (ICSaW-18) provides an organizing framework for statistics classified by status at work from various sources. It is not expected that all of its categories will be collected with the same frequency, or used for the presentation of statistics from any particular source. It covers all jobs and work activities in all forms of work, including own-use production work, employment, unpaid trainee work, volunteer work and other forms of work. It comprises, at its most detailed level, 20 mutually exclusive categories, defined on the basis of the type of authority that the worker is able to exercise and the type of economic risk to which he or she is exposed in a particular job or work activity.
--                              **I.     Independent workers**
++59. The detailed status at work categories may be aggregated, based on the type of authority exercised by the worker, to form eight broad status-at-work groups which may be aggregated to form a dichotomy between dependent workers and independent workers, according to the following hierarchy.
--                              ~1.     Employers
++**I. Independent workers**
--1.
--11. – Employers in corporations
--11. – Employers in household market enterprises
--11. – Employers in own-use provision of services
--11. – Employers in own-use production of goods
++~1. Employers
--                         2.     Independent workers without employees
++11 – Employers in corporations
++12 – Employers in household market enterprises
++13 – Employers in own-use provision of services
++14 – Employers in own-use production of goods
--1. – Owner-operators of corporations without employees
--1. – Own-account workers in household market enterprises without employees
--1. – Independent workers in own-use provision of services without employees
--1. – Independent workers in own-use production of goods without employees
--1. – Direct volunteers
++ 2. Independent workers without employees
++21 – Owner-operators of corporations without employees
++
++22 – Own-account workers in household market enterprises without employees
++23 – Independent workers in own-use provision of services without employees
++24 – Independent workers in own-use production of goods without employees
++25 – Direct volunteers
++
  **D. Dependent workers**
--1. Dependent contractors
++3. Dependent contractors
 – Dependent contractors
--1. Employees
--11. – Permanent employees
--11. – Fixed-term employees
--11. – Short-term and casual employees
--11. – Paid apprentices, trainees and interns
--1. Family helpers
--11. – Contributing family workers
--11. – Family helpers in own-use provision of services
--11. – Family helpers in own-use production of goods
--1. Unpaid trainee workers
++4. Employees
++41 – Permanent employees
++42 – Fixed-term employees
++43 – Short-term and casual employees
++44 – Paid apprentices, trainees and interns
++
++5. Family helpers
++
++51 – Contributing family workers
++52 – Family helpers in own-use provision of services
++53 – Family helpers in own-use production of goods
++
++6. Unpaid trainee workers
++
 – Unpaid trainee workers
--1. Organization-based volunteers
++7. Organization-based volunteers
 – Organization-based volunteers
--                         9.     Other unpaid workers
++9. Other unpaid workers
 – Other unpaid workers
--1. Each of the detailed status at work groups in ICSaW-18 relates to only one form of work. The groups that relate to employment have the same definitions as in ICSE-18. The aggregate groups that include both employment and other forms of work, have a broader scope in ICSaW-18 than in ICSE-18-A and in some cases are assigned a different name.
--1. Subsets of the detailed categories in ICSaW-18 may be used to present statistics on work relationships in own-use production work, employment, volunteer work, child labour and time-use on a conceptually consistent basis, regardless of the scope and source of the statistics. The categories for own-use production work and volunteer work may be aggregated according to the form of work as follows:
--11. Workers in own-use production
--111. Workers in own-use provision of services
++60. Each of the detailed status at work groups in ICSaW-18 relates to only one form of work. The groups that relate to employment have the same definitions as in ICSE-18. The aggregate groups that include both employment and other forms of work, have a broader scope in ICSaW-18 than in ICSE-18-A and in some cases are assigned a different name.
--13 – Employers in own-use provision of services
++61. Subsets of the detailed categories in ICSaW-18 may be used to present statistics on work relationships in own-use production work, employment, volunteer work, child labour and time-use on a conceptually consistent basis, regardless of the scope and source of the statistics. The categories for own-use production work and volunteer work may be aggregated according to the form of work as follows:
++* (a) Workers in own-use production
++** {{{(i)}}} Workers in own-use provision of services
++
++13 – Employers in own-use provision of services
 – Independent workers in own-use provision of services without employees
++52 – Family helpers in own-use provision of services
--1.
--11.
--111.
--1111. – Family helpers in own-use provision of services
--111. Workers in own-use production of goods
++*
++** (ii) Workers in own-use production of goods
 – Employers in own-use production of goods
--
 – Independent workers in own-use production of goods without employees
++52 – Family helpers in own-use production of goods
--1.
--11.
--111.
--1111. – Family helpers in own-use production of goods
--11. Volunteer workers
++* (b) Volunteer workers
 – Direct volunteers
--
 – Organization-based volunteers
--= Definitions of the categories in ICSaW-18  that are not included in ICSE-18 =
++== Definitions of the categories in ICSaW-18 that are not included in ICSE-18 ==
--1. – Employers in own-use provision of services
--11. //Employers in own-use provision of services// are workers who perform any activity to provide services mainly for own final use, and employ one or more persons (including temporarily absent employees but excluding other members of their household) during the reference period as a domestic employee. They may sell part of these services to others, for example, by looking after children from other households for pay or barter, at the same time as mainly looking after their own children.
--1. – Employers in own-use production of goods
--11. //Employers in own-use production of goods// are workers who, during the reference period, employed one or more persons in return for payment in cash or in kind (including temporarily absent employees but excluding other members of their household) to produce goods mainly for consumption by the employer’s own household. A part or surplus of the goods intended mainly for own consumption may be sold or bartered.
++=== 13 – Employers in own-use provision of services ===
--1. – Independent workers in own-use provision  of services without employees
--11. //Independent workers in own-use provision of services// //without employees// are workers who perform any activity to provide services for own final use, but did not, during the reference period, employ any persons to work as a domestic employee. They may sell part of these services to others, for example by looking after children from other households for pay or barter, at the same time as mainly looking after their own children.
--1. – Independent workers in own-use production  of goods without employees
--11. //Independent workers in own-use production of goods// //without employees// are workers who, on their own account or with one or more partners, perform any activity to produce goods for own final use who do not, during the reference period, employ any persons to produce goods for pay in cash or in kind. A part or surplus of the goods intended mainly for own consumption may be sold or bartered.
--1. – Direct volunteers
--11. //Direct volunteers// are workers who, on their own account or in partnership with others, and independently of any organization or community group, perform any unpaid, noncompulsory activity to produce goods or provide services for other households.
++62. //Employers in own-use provision of services// are workers who perform any activity to provide services mainly for own final use, and employ one or more persons (including temporarily absent employees but excluding other members of their household) during the reference period as a domestic employee. They may sell part of these services to others, for example, by looking after children from other households for pay or barter, at the same time as mainly looking after their own children.
--(a) Excluded from this group are workers who:
++=== 14 – Employers in own-use production of goods ===
--1.
--11.
--111. perform non-compulsory work without remuneration through or for organizations comprising market and non-market units, including self-help, mutual aid or community-based groups of which the worker is a member; and
--111. produce goods or services for consumption by members of the worker’s own household or family.
++63. //Employers in own-use production of goods// are workers who, during the reference period, employed one or more persons in return for payment in cash or in kind (including temporarily absent employees but excluding other members of their household) to produce goods mainly for consumption by the employer’s own household. A part or surplus of the goods intended mainly for own consumption may be sold or bartered.
++=== 23 – Independent workers in own-use provision of services without employees ===
++
++64. //Independent workers in own-use provision of services// //without employees// are workers who perform any activity to provide services for own final use, but did not, during the reference period, employ any persons to work as a domestic employee. They may sell part of these services to others, for example by looking after children from other households for pay or barter, at the same time as mainly looking after their own children.
++
++=== 24 – Independent workers in own-use production of goods without employees ===
++
++65. //Independent workers in own-use production of goods// //without employees// are workers who, on their own account or with one or more partners, perform any activity to produce goods for own final use who do not, during the reference period, employ any persons to produce goods for pay in cash or in kind. A part or surplus of the goods intended mainly for own consumption may be sold or bartered.
++
++=== 25 – Direct volunteers ===
++
++66. //Direct volunteers// are workers who, on their own account or in partnership with others, and independently of any organization or community group, perform any unpaid, noncompulsory activity to produce goods or provide services for other households.
++
++* (a) Excluded from this group are workers who:
++** {{{(i)}}} perform non-compulsory work without remuneration through or for organizations comprising market and non-market units, including self-help, mutual aid or community-based groups of which the worker is a member; and
++** (ii) produce goods or services for consumption by members of the worker’s own household or family.
++
  == 5. Family helpers ==
  **67. **//Family helpers// are workers who assist a family or household member in the production of goods or provision of services for household consumption, in a market-oriented enterprise operated by that person, or in a job held by that person as an employee or dependent contractor. They do not make the most important decisions affecting the economic unit and do not have responsibility for it. They may benefit from the outputs of their work in cash or in kind through intra-household transfers but do not receive an agreed wage or salary.
@@ -575,9 +575,9 @@
 . //Form of remuneration// refers to the basis on which a worker is paid, rather than on the form of payment (e.g. cash or in kind). It should specify the information relevant to understand the nature of the employment relationship, but not necessarily other aspects of remuneration. The variable “forms of remuneration” is required to assist with identification of the status in employment categories and should include information about all forms of remuneration received by the worker in a particular job. A separate recommended variable on “main form of remuneration”, provides additional information that may be collected by adding an additional question.
 . At a minimum, the following categories are needed:
--                         ■     for time worked (including wage or salary);
++■ for time worked (including wage or salary);
--                         ■     by the piece;
++■ by the piece;
  |■|commission;
  |■|fee for service;