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115 115  
116 116  20. Workers in employment for pay are employed persons who receive, or expect to receive, remuneration in cash or in kind, in return for time worked or for each piece or service produced. They include both employees and owner-operators of corporations who hold a job in an incorporated enterprise which they own and control.
117 117  
118 -= The International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-18) =
118 += The International Classification of Status  in Employment (ICSE-18) =
119 119  
120 120  21. The International Classification of Status in Employment (ICSE-18) classifies jobs in employment for pay or profit into ten detailed categories based on the concepts of type of authority and type of economic risk described above. These categories may be aggregated according to two alternative classification hierarchies: the //International Classification of Status in Employment according to type of authority (ICSE-18-A) //and the //International Classification of Status in Employment according to type of economic risk (ICSE-18-R).//
121 121  
... ... @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
163 163  
164 164  25. The classification according to type of authority is also the most suitable hierarchy for use as an input variable in the compilation of statistics classified by socio-economic status.
165 165  
166 -== Classification of Status in Employment according to type of economic risk (ICSE-18-R) ==
166 +== Classification of Status in Employment according  to type of economic risk (ICSE-18-R) ==
167 167  
168 168  26. ICSE-18-R provides a dichotomy between employment for pay and employment for profit. This latter dichotomy is analogous to the traditional distinction between paid employment and self-employment, used for example in the SNA.
169 169  
... ... @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@
239 239  
240 240  34. Own-account workers in household market enterprises without employees are workers who operate an unincorporated market enterprise for profit, alone or with one or more partners or contributing family workers, and do not employ any persons to work in the enterprise as an employee.
241 241  
242 -== F. Independent workers in household market enterprises ==
242 +== F. Independent workers in household  market enterprises ==
243 243  
244 244  35. Independent workers in household market enterprises are workers who operate an unincorporated market enterprise for profit, alone or with one or more partners or contributing family workers. They may or may not be able to provide a complete set of accounts for the activities of the enterprise. They include:
245 245  
... ... @@ -310,7 +310,7 @@
310 310  
311 311  * (a) there is no specified date or event on which the employment will be terminated other than any age or time for retirement that may apply in the economic unit concerned;
312 312  * (b) the employer agrees to provide work and pay for a specified number of hours or to pay for the number of goods or services produced in a set period; and
313 -* (c) the worker agrees to work for at least the specified number of hours, or for the time required to produce a specified number of goods or services.
313 +* (c) the worker agrees to work for at least the specified number of hours, or for the time required to produce a specified number of goods or services. // //
314 314  
315 315  === 42 – Fixed-term employees ===
316 316  
... ... @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
319 319  * (a) there is a specified date, other than any age or time for retirement, on which the employment will be terminated, or an event such as the end of the harvest or completion of a construction or other project, which will lead to termination of employment;
320 320  * (b) the total duration of the employment is expected to be at least three months from the first day of employment to the expected final day of employment;
321 321  * (c) the employer agrees to provide work and pay for a specified number of hours, or to pay for the number of goods or services produced, in a set period; and
322 -* (d) the worker agrees to work for at least the specified number of hours, or for the time required to produce a specified number of goods or services.
322 +* (d) the worker agrees to work for at least the specified number of hours, or for the time required to produce a specified number of goods or services. // //
323 323  
324 324  49. Fixed-term employees include:
325 325  
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364 364  
365 365  == E. Contributing family workers ==
366 366  
367 -57.** **//Contributing family workers// assist a family member or household member in a market-oriented enterprise operated by the family or household member, or in a job in which the assisted family or household member is an employee or dependent contractor. They do not receive regular payments, such as a wage or salary, in return for the work performed, but may benefit in kind or receive irregular payments in cash as a result of the outputs of their work through family or intra-household transfers, derived from the profits of the enterprise or from the income of the other person. They do not make the most important decisions affecting the enterprise or have responsibility for it.
367 +**57. **//Contributing family workers// assist a family member or household member in a market-oriented enterprise operated by the family or household member, or in a job in which the assisted family or household member is an employee or dependent contractor. They do not receive regular payments, such as a wage or salary, in return for the work performed, but may benefit in kind or receive irregular payments in cash as a result of the outputs of their work through family or intra-household transfers, derived from the profits of the enterprise or from the income of the other person. They do not make the most important decisions affecting the enterprise or have responsibility for it.
368 368  
369 369  = International Classification of Status at Work (ICSaW-18) =
370 370  
371 -58. The International Classification of Status at Work (ICSaW-18) provides an organizing framework for statistics classified by status at work from various sources. It is not expected that all of its categories will be collected with the same frequency, or used for the presentation of statistics from any particular source. It covers all jobs and work activities in all forms of work, including own-use production work, employment, unpaid trainee work, volunteer work and other forms of work. It comprises, at its most detailed level, 20 mutually exclusive categories, defined on the basis of the type of authority that the worker is able to exercise and the type of economic risk to which he or she is exposed in a particular job or work activity.
371 +1. The International Classification of Status at Work (ICSaW-18) provides an organizing framework for statistics classified by status at work from various sources. It is not expected that all of its categories will be collected with the same frequency, or used for the presentation of statistics from any particular source. It covers all jobs and work activities in all forms of work, including own-use production work, employment, unpaid trainee work, volunteer work and other forms of work. It comprises, at its most detailed level, 20 mutually exclusive categories, defined on the basis of the type of authority that the worker is able to exercise and the type of economic risk to which he or she is exposed in a particular job or work activity.
372 +1. The detailed status at work categories may be aggregated, based on the type of authority exercised by the worker, to form eight broad status-at-work groups which may be aggregated to form a dichotomy between dependent workers and independent workers, according to the following hierarchy.
372 372  
373 -59. The detailed status at work categories may be aggregated, based on the type of authority exercised by the worker, to form eight broad status-at-work groups which may be aggregated to form a dichotomy between dependent workers and independent workers, according to the following hierarchy.
374 + **I. Independent workers**
374 374  
375 -**I. Independent workers**
376 + ~1. Employers
376 376  
377 -~1. Employers
378 +1.
379 +11. – Employers in corporations
380 +11. – Employers in household market enterprises
381 +11. – Employers in own-use provision of services
382 +11. – Employers in own-use production of goods
378 378  
379 -11 – Employers in corporations
380 -12 – Employers in household market enterprises
381 -13 – Employers in own-use provision of services
382 -14 – Employers in own-use production of goods
384 + 2. Independent workers without employees
383 383  
384 - 2. Independent workers without employees
386 +1. – Owner-operators of corporations without employees
387 +1. – Own-account workers in household market enterprises without employees
388 +1. – Independent workers in own-use provision of services without employees
389 +1. – Independent workers in own-use production of goods without employees
390 +1. – Direct volunteers
385 385  
386 -21 – Owner-operators of corporations without employees
387 -
388 -22 – Own-account workers in household market enterprises without employees
389 -23 – Independent workers in own-use provision of services without employees
390 -24 – Independent workers in own-use production of goods without employees
391 -25 – Direct volunteers
392 -
393 393  **D. Dependent workers**
394 394  
395 -3. Dependent contractors
394 +1. Dependent contractors
396 396  
397 397  30 – Dependent contractors
398 398  
399 -4. Employees
398 +1. Employees
399 +11. – Permanent employees
400 +11. – Fixed-term employees
401 +11. – Short-term and casual employees
402 +11. – Paid apprentices, trainees and interns
403 +1. Family helpers
404 +11. – Contributing family workers
405 +11. – Family helpers in own-use provision of services
406 +11. – Family helpers in own-use production of goods
407 +1. Unpaid trainee workers
400 400  
401 -41 – Permanent employees
402 -42 – Fixed-term employees
403 -43 – Short-term and casual employees
404 -44 – Paid apprentices, trainees and interns
405 -
406 -5. Family helpers
407 -
408 -51 – Contributing family workers
409 -52 – Family helpers in own-use provision of services
410 -53 – Family helpers in own-use production of goods
411 -
412 -6. Unpaid trainee workers
413 -
414 414  60 – Unpaid trainee workers
415 415  
416 -7. Organization-based volunteers
411 +1. Organization-based volunteers
417 417  
418 418  70 – Organization-based volunteers
419 419  
420 -9. Other unpaid workers
415 + 9. Other unpaid workers
421 421  
422 422  90 – Other unpaid workers
423 423  
424 -60. Each of the detailed status at work groups in ICSaW-18 relates to only one form of work. The groups that relate to employment have the same definitions as in ICSE-18. The aggregate groups that include both employment and other forms of work, have a broader scope in ICSaW-18 than in ICSE-18-A and in some cases are assigned a different name.
419 +1. Each of the detailed status at work groups in ICSaW-18 relates to only one form of work. The groups that relate to employment have the same definitions as in ICSE-18. The aggregate groups that include both employment and other forms of work, have a broader scope in ICSaW-18 than in ICSE-18-A and in some cases are assigned a different name.
420 +1. Subsets of the detailed categories in ICSaW-18 may be used to present statistics on work relationships in own-use production work, employment, volunteer work, child labour and time-use on a conceptually consistent basis, regardless of the scope and source of the statistics. The categories for own-use production work and volunteer work may be aggregated according to the form of work as follows:
421 +11. Workers in own-use production
422 +111. Workers in own-use provision of services
425 425  
426 -61. Subsets of the detailed categories in ICSaW-18 may be used to present statistics on work relationships in own-use production work, employment, volunteer work, child labour and time-use on a conceptually consistent basis, regardless of the scope and source of the statistics. The categories for own-use production work and volunteer work may be aggregated according to the form of work as follows:
427 -
428 -* (a) Workers in own-use production
429 -** {{{(i)}}} Workers in own-use provision of services
430 -
431 431  13 – Employers in own-use provision of services
425 +
432 432  23 – Independent workers in own-use provision of services without employees
433 -52 – Family helpers in own-use provision of services
434 434  
435 -*
436 -** (ii) Workers in own-use production of goods
428 +1.
429 +11.
430 +111.
431 +1111. – Family helpers in own-use provision of services
432 +111. Workers in own-use production of goods
437 437  
438 438  14 – Employers in own-use production of goods
435 +
439 439  24 – Independent workers in own-use production of goods without employees
440 -52 – Family helpers in own-use production of goods
441 441  
442 -* (b) Volunteer workers
438 +1.
439 +11.
440 +111.
441 +1111. – Family helpers in own-use production of goods
442 +11. Volunteer workers
443 443  
444 444  25 – Direct volunteers
445 +
445 445  70 – Organization-based volunteers
446 446  
447 -= Definitions of the categories in ICSaW-18 that are not included in ICSE-18 =
448 += Definitions of the categories in ICSaW-18  that are not included in ICSE-18 =
448 448  
449 449  1. – Employers in own-use provision of services
450 450  11. //Employers in own-use provision of services// are workers who perform any activity to provide services mainly for own final use, and employ one or more persons (including temporarily absent employees but excluding other members of their household) during the reference period as a domestic employee. They may sell part of these services to others, for example, by looking after children from other households for pay or barter, at the same time as mainly looking after their own children.
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451 451  1. – Employers in own-use production of goods
452 452  11. //Employers in own-use production of goods// are workers who, during the reference period, employed one or more persons in return for payment in cash or in kind (including temporarily absent employees but excluding other members of their household) to produce goods mainly for consumption by the employer’s own household. A part or surplus of the goods intended mainly for own consumption may be sold or bartered.
453 453  
454 -1. – Independent workers in own-use provision of services without employees
455 +1. – Independent workers in own-use provision  of services without employees
455 455  11. //Independent workers in own-use provision of services// //without employees// are workers who perform any activity to provide services for own final use, but did not, during the reference period, employ any persons to work as a domestic employee. They may sell part of these services to others, for example by looking after children from other households for pay or barter, at the same time as mainly looking after their own children.
456 -1. – Independent workers in own-use production of goods without employees
457 +1. – Independent workers in own-use production  of goods without employees
457 457  11. //Independent workers in own-use production of goods// //without employees// are workers who, on their own account or with one or more partners, perform any activity to produce goods for own final use who do not, during the reference period, employ any persons to produce goods for pay in cash or in kind. A part or surplus of the goods intended mainly for own consumption may be sold or bartered.
458 458  1. – Direct volunteers
459 459  11. //Direct volunteers// are workers who, on their own account or in partnership with others, and independently of any organization or community group, perform any unpaid, noncompulsory activity to produce goods or provide services for other households.
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574 574  1. //Form of remuneration// refers to the basis on which a worker is paid, rather than on the form of payment (e.g. cash or in kind). It should specify the information relevant to understand the nature of the employment relationship, but not necessarily other aspects of remuneration. The variable “forms of remuneration” is required to assist with identification of the status in employment categories and should include information about all forms of remuneration received by the worker in a particular job. A separate recommended variable on “main form of remuneration”, provides additional information that may be collected by adding an additional question.
575 575  1. At a minimum, the following categories are needed:
576 576  
577 -■ for time worked (including wage or salary);
578 + for time worked (including wage or salary);
578 578  
579 -■ by the piece;
580 + by the piece;
580 580  
581 581  |■|commission;
582 582  |■|fee for service;
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