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160 160  [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] identifies three basic process patterns regarding the exchange of statistical data and metadata. These can be described as follows:
161 161  
162 -//Bilateral exchange~:// All aspects of the exchange process are agreed between counterparties, including the mechanism for exchange of data and metadata, the formats, the frequency or schedule, and the mode used for communications regarding the exchange. This is perhaps the most common process pattern. //Gateway exchange~:// Gateway exchanges are an organized set of bilateral exchanges, in which several data and metadata collecting organizations or individuals agree to exchange the collected information with each other in a single, known format, and according to a single, known process. This pattern has the effect of reducing the burden of managing multiple bilateral exchanges (in data and metadata collection) across the sharing organizations/individuals. This is also a very common process pattern in the statistical area, where communities of institutions agree on ways to gain efficiencies within the scope of their collective responsibilities. //Data-sharing exchange~:// Open, freely available data formats and process patterns are known and standard. Thus, any organization or individual can use any counterparty’s data and metadata (assuming they are permitted access to it). This model requires no bilateral agreement, but only requires that data and metadata providers and consumers adhere to the standards.
162 +1. //**Bilateral exchange**~:// All aspects of the exchange process are agreed between counterparties, including the mechanism for exchange of data and metadata, the formats, the frequency or schedule, and the mode used for communications regarding the exchange. This is perhaps the most common process pattern.
163 +1. //**Gateway exchange**~:// Gateway exchanges are an organized set of bilateral exchanges, in which several data and metadata collecting organizations or individuals agree to exchange the collected information with each other in a single, known format, and according to a single, known process. This pattern has the effect of reducing the burden of managing multiple bilateral exchanges (in data and metadata collection) across the sharing organizations/individuals. This is also a very common process pattern in the statistical area, where communities of institutions agree on ways to gain efficiencies within the scope of their collective responsibilities.
164 +1. //**Data-sharing exchange**~:// Open, freely available data formats and process patterns are known and standard. Thus, any organization or individual can use any counterparty’s data and metadata (assuming they are permitted access to it). This model requires no bilateral agreement, but only requires that data and metadata providers and consumers adhere to the standards.
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164 -
165 -[[image:SDMX 3.1 Section 1.png]]
166 -
167 -**Figure 1: High Level Schematic of Major Artefacts in the SDMX 3.0 Information Model**
168 -
169 -
170 170  == 3.2 SDMX and Process Automation ==
171 171  
172 172  Statistical data and metadata exchanges employ many different automated processes, but some are of more general interest than others. There are some common information technologies that are nearly ubiquitous within information systems today. [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] aims to provide standards that are most useful for these automated processes and technologies.
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173 173  
174 174  Briefly, these can be described as:
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176 -//Batch Exchange of Data and Metadata~:// The transmission of whole or partial databases between counterparties, including incremental updating. //Provision of Data and Metadata on the Internet~:// Internet technology - including its use in private or semi-private TCP/IP networks - is extremely common. This technology includes XML, JSON and REST web services as primary mechanisms for automating data and metadata provision, as well as the more traditional static HTML and database-driven publishing. //Generic Processes~:// While many applications and processes are specific to some set of data and metadata, other types of automated services and processes are designed to handle any type of statistical data and metadata whatsoever. This is particularly true in cases where portal sites and data feeds are made available on the Internet. //Presentation and Transformation of Data~:// In order to make data and metadata useful to consumers, they must support automated processes that transform them into application-specific processing formats, other standard formats, and presentational formats. Although not strictly an aspect of exchange, this type of automated processing represents a set of requirements that must be supported if the information exchange between counterparties is itself to be supported.
172 +1. //**Batch Exchange of Data and Metadata**~:// The transmission of whole or partial databases between counterparties, including incremental updating.
173 +1. //**Provision of Data and Metadata on the Internet**~:// Internet technology - including its use in private or semi-private TCP/IP networks - is extremely common. This technology includes XML, JSON and REST web services as primary mechanisms for automating data and metadata provision, as well as the more traditional static HTML and database-driven publishing.
174 +1. //**Generic Processes**~:// While many applications and processes are specific to some set of data and metadata, other types of automated services and processes are designed to handle any type of statistical data and metadata whatsoever. This is particularly true in cases where portal sites and data feeds are made available on the Internet.
175 +1. //**Presentation and Transformation of Data**~:// In order to make data and metadata useful to consumers, they must support automated processes that transform them into application-specific processing formats, other standard formats, and presentational formats. Although not strictly an aspect of exchange, this type of automated processing represents a set of requirements that must be supported if the information exchange between counterparties is itself to be supported.
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178 178  == 3.3 Statistical Data and Metadata ==
179 179  
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206 206  It is important to note that [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] is primarily focused on the //exchange// and //dissemination// of statistical data and metadata. There may also be many uses for the standard model and formats specified here in the context of internal processing of data that are not concerned with the exchange between organizations and users, however. It is felt that a clear, standard formatting of data and metadata for the purposes of exchange and dissemination can also facilitate internal processing by organizations and users, but this is not the focus of the specification.
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207 +[[image:SDMX%203.1%20Section%201.png]]
208 +
209 +**Figure 1: High Level Schematic of Major Artefacts in the SDMX 3.0 Information Model**
210 +
208 208  == 3.4 The SDMX View of Statistical Exchange ==
209 209  
210 210  (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Version(%%) 1.0 of ISO/TS 17369 [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] covered statistical [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] and the metadata related to the structure of these [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]]. This scope was useful in supporting the different models of statistical exchange (bilateral exchange, gateway exchange, and data-sharing) but was not by itself sufficient to support them completely. (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Versions(%%) 2.0 and 2.1 provide a much more complete view of statistical exchange, so that an open data-sharing model can be fully supported, and other models of exchange can be more completely automated. In order to produce technical standards that will support this increased scope, the [[SDMX Information Model>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX Information Model.WebHome]] provides a broader set of formal objects which describe the actors, processes, and resources within statistical exchanges.
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305 305  
306 306  There are four distinct types of message:
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308 -1. //Structure Definition~:// For the exchange of [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Structural metadata.WebHome]]. A [[SDMX-ML>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-ML.WebHome]] structure message can carry details of any number and combination of [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Structural metadata.WebHome]] [[artefacts>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Artefact.WebHome]] like DSDs, [[code lists>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code list.WebHome]] and (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)constraints(%%).
309 -1. //Structure-specific Data~:// For the exchange of data. This format is specific to the [[Data Structure Definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] of the [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] (in other terms, it is [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]]-specific) and is created by following mappings between the metadata constructs defined in the Structure Definition message and the technical specification of the format. It supports the exchange of large [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] in XML format, provides strict validation of conformance with the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] using a generic XML parser, and supports the transmission of partial [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] ([[incremental updates>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Incremental update.WebHome]]) as well as whole [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]].
311 +1. //**Structure Definition**~:// For the exchange of [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Structural metadata.WebHome]]. A [[SDMX-ML>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-ML.WebHome]] structure message can carry details of any number and combination of [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Structural metadata.WebHome]] [[artefacts>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Artefact.WebHome]] like DSDs, [[code lists>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code list.WebHome]] and (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)constraints(%%).
312 +1. //**Structure-specific Data**~:// For the exchange of data. This format is specific to the [[Data Structure Definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] of the [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] (in other terms, it is [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]]-specific) and is created by following mappings between the metadata constructs defined in the Structure Definition message and the technical specification of the format. It supports the exchange of large [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] in XML format, provides strict validation of conformance with the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] using a generic XML parser, and supports the transmission of partial [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] ([[incremental updates>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Incremental update.WebHome]]) as well as whole [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]].
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311 311  Many XML tools and technologies have expectations about the functions performed by an XML schema, one of which is a very direct relationship between the XML constructs described in the XML schema and the tagged data in the XML instance. Strong data typing is also considered normal, supporting full validation of the tagged data. These message types are designed to support validation and other expected XML schema functions.
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313 -1. //Generic Metadata~:// For the exchange of [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Reference metadata.WebHome]] sets. ‘Generic’ means the XML elements and XML [[attributes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]] are the same regardless of the metadata set.
314 -1. //Registry~:// All of the possible interactions with the [[SDMX registry>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX Registry.WebHome]] services are supported using [[SDMX-ML>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-ML.WebHome]] interfaces and REST API calls. Submission of [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Structural metadata.WebHome]] content, data registrations and [[subscriptions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Subscription.WebHome]] is performed by a synchronous exchange of documents – a “request” message answered by a “response” message.
316 +1. //**Generic Metadata**~:// For the exchange of [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Reference metadata.WebHome]] sets. ‘Generic’ means the XML elements and XML [[attributes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]] are the same regardless of the metadata set.
317 +1. //**Registry**~:// All of the possible interactions with the [[SDMX registry>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX Registry.WebHome]] services are supported using [[SDMX-ML>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-ML.WebHome]] interfaces and REST API calls. Submission of [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Structural metadata.WebHome]] content, data registrations and [[subscriptions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Subscription.WebHome]] is performed by a synchronous exchange of documents – a “request” message answered by a “response” message.
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316 316  == 5.2 SDMX-JSON ==
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323 323  
324 324  There are three distinct message types:
325 325  
326 -1. //Structure~:// For the exchange [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Structural metadata.WebHome]]. [[SDMX-JSON>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-JSON.WebHome]] structure messages follow the same principles as for [[SDMX-ML>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-ML.WebHome]] in that a single message can transmit any number and combination of [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Structural metadata.WebHome]] [[artefacts>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Artefact.WebHome]]. While the [[SDMX-ML>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-ML.WebHome]] and [[SDMX-JSON>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-JSON.WebHome]] messages are structured differently, it is possible to freely convert between them.
327 -1. //Data: //For the exchange of data. Unlike [[SDMX-ML>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-ML.WebHome]], the structure of a [[SDMX-JSON>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-JSON.WebHome]] data message is not specific to the DSDs of the [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] so schema validation will not check for compliance of the data with the DSDs.
329 +1. //**Structure**~:// For the exchange [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Structural metadata.WebHome]]. [[SDMX-JSON>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-JSON.WebHome]] structure messages follow the same principles as for [[SDMX-ML>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-ML.WebHome]] in that a single message can transmit any number and combination of [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Structural metadata.WebHome]] [[artefacts>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Artefact.WebHome]]. While the [[SDMX-ML>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-ML.WebHome]] and [[SDMX-JSON>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-JSON.WebHome]] messages are structured differently, it is possible to freely convert between them.
330 +1. //**Data**: //For the exchange of data. Unlike [[SDMX-ML>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-ML.WebHome]], the structure of a [[SDMX-JSON>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.SDMX-JSON.WebHome]] data message is not specific to the DSDs of the [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] so schema validation will not check for compliance of the data with the DSDs.
328 328  1. //Metadata//: For the exchange of [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Reference metadata.WebHome]] sets.
329 329  
330 330  == 5.3 SDMX-CSV ==
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370 370  The Metadata Common Vocabulary is an [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] guideline which provides definition of terms to be used for the comparison and mapping of terminology found in [[data structure definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] and in other aspects of statistical metadata management. Essentially, it provides ISOcompliant definitions for a wide range of statistical terms, which may be used directly, or against which other terminology systems may be (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)mapped(%%). This set of terms is inclusive of the terminology used within the [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] Technical Standards.
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372 -The MCV provides definitions for terms on which the [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] Cross-Domain Metadata
375 +The MCV provides definitions for terms on which the [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] Cross-Domain Metadata (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Concepts(%%) work is built.
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374 -(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Concepts(%%) work is built.
375 -
376 376  == 6.3 Statistical Subject-Matter Domains ==
377 377  
378 378  The [[Statistical Subject-Matter Domains>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical subject-matter domain.WebHome]] is a listing of the breadth of statistical information for the purposes of organizing widespread statistical exchange and categorization. It acts as a standard scheme against which the categorization schemes of various counterparties can be (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)mapped(%%), to facilitate interoperable data and metadata exchange. It serves another useful purpose, however, which is to allow an organization of corresponding “domain groups”, each of which could define standard [[data structure definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]], (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)concepts(%%), etc. within their domains. Such groups already exist within the international community. [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] would use the [[Statistical Subject-Matter Domains>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical subject-matter domain.WebHome]] list to facilitate the efforts of these groups to develop the kinds of content standards which could support the interoperation of [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]]-conformant technical systems within and across [[statistical domains>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical subject-matter domain.WebHome]]. The organisation of the content of such schemes is supported in [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] as a [[Category>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Category.WebHome]] Scheme.
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