Changes for page SDMX 3.1 Standards. Section 1. Framework

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  * //**[[Concept Scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept scheme.WebHome]]:**// A [[concept scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept scheme.WebHome]] is a maintained list of [[concepts>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept.WebHome]] that are used in [[data structure definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] and [[metadata structure definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadata structure definition.WebHome]]. There can be many such [[concept schemes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept scheme.WebHome]]. A “core” [[representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] of the [[concept>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept.WebHome]] can be specified (e.g. a core [[code list>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Code list.WebHome]], or other [[representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] such as “date”). Note that this core [[representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] can be overridden in the [[data structure definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] or [[metadata structure definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadata structure definition.WebHome]] that uses the [[concept>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept.WebHome]]. Indeed, organisations wishing to remain with version 1.0 key family schema specifications will continue to declare the [[representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] in the key family definition.
  * //**[[Metadata Set>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadata set.WebHome]]:**// A [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reference metadata.WebHome]] set is a set of information pertaining to an object within the formal [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] view of statistical exchange: they may describe the maintainers of data or structural definitions; they may describe the schedule on which data is released; they may describe the flow of a single type of data over time; they may describe the quality of data, etc. In [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]], the creators of [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reference metadata.WebHome]] may take whatever [[concepts>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept.WebHome]] they are concerned with, or obliged to report, and provide a [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reference metadata.WebHome]] set containing that information.
  * //**[[Metadata Structure Definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadata structure definition.WebHome]]:**// A [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reference metadata.WebHome]] set also has a set of [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Structural metadata.WebHome]] which describes how it is organized. This [[metadata set>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadata set.WebHome]] identifies what [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reference metadata.WebHome]] [[concepts>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept.WebHome]] are being reported, how these [[concepts>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept.WebHome]] relate to each other (typically as [[hierarchies>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Hierarchy.WebHome]]), what their presentational structure is, how they may be represented (as free text, as coded values, etc.), and with which formal [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] object types they are associated.
--* //**[[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] Definition:**// In [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]], [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]] are reported or disseminated according to a [[data flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] definition. The [[data flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] definition identifies the [[data structure definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] and may be associated with one or more subject matter domains via a [[Categorisation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Categorisation.WebHome]] (this facilitates the search for data according to organised [[category schemes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Category scheme.WebHome]]). [[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Constraint.WebHome]], in terms of reporting [[periodicity>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Frequency of observation.WebHome]] or sub set of possible keys that are allowed in a [[data set>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]], may be attached to the [[data flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] definition.
++* //**[[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] Definition:**// In [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]], [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]] are reported or disseminated according to a [[data flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] definition. The [[data flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] definition identifies the [[data structure definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] and may be associated with one or more subject matter domains via a [[Categorisation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Categorisation.WebHome]] (this facilitates the search for data according to organised [[category schemes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Category scheme.WebHome]]). (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Constraints(%%), in terms of reporting [[periodicity>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Frequency of observation.WebHome]] or sub set of possible keys that are allowed in a [[data set>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]], may be attached to the [[data flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] definition.
  * //**[[Metadataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadataflow.WebHome]] Definition:**// A [[metadata flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadataflow.WebHome]] definition is very similar to a [[data flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] definition, but describes, categorises, and constrains [[metadata sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadata set.WebHome]].
  * //**[[Data Provider>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data provider.WebHome]]: **//An organization which produces data is termed a [[data provider>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data provider.WebHome]].
  * //**Metadata Provider: **//An organization which produces [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reference metadata.WebHome]] is termed a metadata provider.
--* //**[[Provision Agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]] (Metadata [[Provision Agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]]):**// The set of information which describes the way in which [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]] and [[metadata sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadata set.WebHome]] are provided by a data/metadata provider. A [[provision agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]] can be constrained in much the same way as a data or [[metadata flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadataflow.WebHome]] definition. Thus, a [[data provider>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data provider.WebHome]] can express the fact that it provides a particular [[data flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] covering a specific set of countries and topics, Importantly, the actual source of registered data or metadata is attached to the [[provision agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]] (in terms of a URL). The term “agreement” is used because this information can be understood as the basis of a “service-level agreement”. In [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]], however, this is informational metadata to support the technical systems, as opposed to any sort of contractual information (which is outside the scope of a technical specification). In version 3.0, metadata [[provision agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]] and data [[provision agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]] are two separate [[artefacts>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Artefact.WebHome]].
--* //**Data Constraint:**// Used to restrict content (such as enumerations) and are used by [[provision agreements>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]], [[data flows>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]], [[data structure definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] in order to provide a set of reporting restrictions in the context of a collection
--* //**Metadata Constraint:**// Used to restrict content (such as enumerations) and are used by metadata [[provision agreements>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]], [[metadata flows>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadataflow.WebHome]], [[metadata structure definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadata structure definition.WebHome]] in order to provide a set of reporting restrictions in the context of a collection
--* //**Available Data Constraint:**// Used to report the set of [[Component>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Component.WebHome]] values that have data reported against them in the context of a Data Query. This structure allows a user to know what valid filters can be applied to a cube of data, such that the resulting cube will contain data.
--* //**Structure Map: **//Structure maps describes a mapping between [[data structure definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] or [[dataflows>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] for the purpose of transforming a [[data set>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]] into a different structure. The mapping rules are defined using one or more [[component>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Component.WebHome]] maps which each map in turn describes how one or more [[components>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Component.WebHome]] from the source [[data structure definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] map to one or more [[components>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Component.WebHome]] in that of the target. Represent maps act as lookup tables and specific provision is made for mapping dates and times.
--* //**[[Representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] Map:**// [[Representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] maps describe mappings between source value(s) and target value(s) where the values are restricted to those in a [[code list>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Code list.WebHome]], value list or be of a certain type such as integer or string.
--* //**[[Item Scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Item scheme.WebHome]] Map:**// An [[item scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Item scheme.WebHome]] map describes mapping rules between any [[item scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Item scheme.WebHome]] with the exception of [[code lists>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Code list.WebHome]] and value lists which use [[representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] maps. The version 3.0 information model provides four [[item scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Item scheme.WebHome]] maps: organisation scheme map, [[concept scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept scheme.WebHome]] map, [[category scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Category scheme.WebHome]] map and [[reporting taxonomy>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reporting taxonomy.WebHome]] map. Organisation scheme map and reporting scheme map have been omitted from the information model schematic in Figure 1.
++* //**[[Provision Agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]] (Metadata [[Provision Agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]]):**// The set of information which describes the way in which [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]] and [[metadata sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadata set.WebHome]] are provided by a data/metadata provider. A [[provision agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]] can be constrained in much the same way as a data or [[metadata flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadataflow.WebHome]] definition. Thus, a [[data provider>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data provider.WebHome]] can express the fact that it provides a particular [[data flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] covering a specific set of countries and topics, Importantly, the actual source of registered data or metadata is attached to the [[provision agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]] (in terms of a URL). The term “agreement” is used because this information can be understood as the basis of a “service-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)level(%%) agreement”. In [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]], however, this is informational metadata to support the technical systems, as opposed to any sort of contractual information (which is outside the scope of a technical specification). In (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)version(%%) 3.0, metadata [[provision agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]] and data [[provision agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]] are two separate [[artefacts>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Artefact.WebHome]].
++* //**Data (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Constraint(%%):**// Used to restrict content (such as enumerations) and are used by [[provision agreements>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]], [[data flows>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]], [[data structure definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] in order to provide a set of reporting restrictions in the context of a collection
++* //**Metadata (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Constraint(%%):**// Used to restrict content (such as enumerations) and are used by metadata [[provision agreements>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Provision agreement.WebHome]], [[metadata flows>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadataflow.WebHome]], [[metadata structure definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Metadata structure definition.WebHome]] in order to provide a set of reporting restrictions in the context of a collection
++* //**Available Data (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Constraint(%%):**// Used to report the set of [[Component>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Component.WebHome]] values that have data reported against them in the context of a Data Query. This structure allows a user to know what valid filters can be applied to a cube of data, such that the resulting cube will contain data.
++* //**Structure (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Map(%%): **//Structure (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)maps(%%) describes a mapping between [[data structure definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] or [[dataflows>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] for the purpose of transforming a [[data set>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]] into a different structure. The mapping rules are defined using one or more [[component>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Component.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)maps(%%) which each (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)map(%%) in turn describes how one or more [[components>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Component.WebHome]] from the source [[data structure definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)map(%%) to one or more [[components>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Component.WebHome]] in that of the target. Represent (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)maps(%%) act as lookup tables and specific provision is made for mapping dates and times.
++* //**[[Representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Map(%%):**// [[Representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)maps(%%) describe mappings between source value(s) and target value(s) where the values are restricted to those in a [[code list>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Code list.WebHome]], value list or be of a certain type such as integer or string.
++* //**[[Item Scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Item scheme.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Map(%%):**// An [[item scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Item scheme.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)map(%%) describes mapping rules between any [[item scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Item scheme.WebHome]] with the exception of [[code lists>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Code list.WebHome]] and value lists which use [[representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)maps(%%). The (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)version(%%) 3.0 information model provides four [[item scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Item scheme.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)maps(%%): organisation scheme (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)map(%%), [[concept scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Concept scheme.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)map(%%), [[category scheme>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Category scheme.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)map(%%) and [[reporting taxonomy>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reporting taxonomy.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)map(%%). Organisation scheme (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)map(%%) and reporting scheme (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)map(%%) have been omitted from the information model schematic in Figure 1.
  * //**[[Reporting Taxonomy>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reporting taxonomy.WebHome]]: **//A [[reporting taxonomy>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reporting taxonomy.WebHome]] allows an organisation to link (possibly in a hierarchical way) a number of cube or [[data flow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]] definitions which together form a complete “report” of data or metadata. This supports primary reporting which often comprises multiple cubes of heterogeneous data, but may also support other collection and reporting functions. It also supports the specification of publications such as a yearbook, in terms of the data or metadata contained in the publication.
--* //**Process:**// The process class provides a way to model statistical processes as a set of interconnected //process steps.// Although not central to the exchange and dissemination of statistical data and metadata, having a shared description of processing allows for the interoperable exchange and dissemination of [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reference metadata.WebHome]] sets which describe processes-related concepts.
++* //**Process:**// The process class provides a way to model statistical processes as a set of interconnected //process steps.// Although not central to the exchange and dissemination of statistical data and metadata, having a shared description of processing allows for the interoperable exchange and dissemination of [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Reference metadata.WebHome]] sets which describe processes-related (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)concepts(%%).
  * //**[[Hierarchy>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Hierarchy.WebHome]]**//: Describes complex [[code>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Code.WebHome]] [[hierarchies>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Hierarchy.WebHome]] principally for data discovery purposes. The [[codes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Code.WebHome]] themselves are referenced from the [[code lists>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Code list.WebHome]] in which they are maintained.
  * //**[[Hierarchy>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Hierarchy.WebHome]] Association**//: A [[hierarchy>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Hierarchy.WebHome]] association links a [[hierarchy>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Hierarchy.WebHome]] to something that needs it like a [[dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dimension.WebHome]]. Furthermore, the linking can be specified in the context of another object such as a [[dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dimension.WebHome]] in the context of a [[dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]]. Thus, a [[dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dimension.WebHome]] in a [[data structure definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] could have different [[hierarchies>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Hierarchy.WebHome]] depending on the [[dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dataflow.WebHome]].
  * //**Transformation Scheme:**// A transformation scheme is a set of [[Validation and Transformation Language>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Validation and transformation language.WebHome]] ([[VTL>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Validation and transformation language.WebHome]]) transformations aimed at obtaining some meaningful results for the user (e.g., the validation of one or more [[data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]]). The set of transformations is meant to be executed together (in the same run) and may contain 597 any number of transformations in order to produce any number of results. Thus, a transformation scheme can be considered as a [[VTL>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Validation and transformation language.WebHome]] ‘program’.
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
  Web services allow computer applications to exchange data directly over the Internet, essentially allowing modular or distributed computing in a more flexible fashion than ever before. In order to allow web services to function, however, many standards are required: for requesting and supplying data; for expressing the enveloping data which is used to package exchanged data; for describing web services to one another, to allow for easy integration into applications that use other web services as data resources.
--Version 3.1 has standardized on RESTful web services with a OpenAPI specification published on the [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] Technical Working Group’s GitHub repository  [[__https:~~/~~/github.com/sdmx-twg__>>https://https:github.comsdmx-twg||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]].
++(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)Version(%%) 3.1 has standardized on RESTful web services with a OpenAPI specification published on the [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] Technical Working Group’s GitHub repository  [[__https:~~/~~/github.com/sdmx-twg__>>https://https:github.comsdmx-twg||rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"]].
  There are five ‘resources’:
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@
  [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] provides a way of modelling statistical data, and defines the set of metadata constructs used for this purpose. Because [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] specifies a number of transmission formats for expressing data and [[structural metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Structural metadata.WebHome]], the model is used as a mechanism for guaranteeing that transformation between the different formats is lossless. In this sense, all of the formats are syntax-bound expressions of the common information model.
--[[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] recognizes that statistical data is structured; in [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] this structure is termed a [[Data Structure Definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]]. “[[Data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]]” are made up of one or more lower-level “groups”, based on their degrees of similarity. Each group is in turn comprised of one or more “[[series>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Series.WebHome]]” of data. Each [[series>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Series.WebHome]] or section has a “key” - values for each of a cluster of concepts, also called "[[dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dimension.WebHome]]" - which identifies it, and one or more “observations”, which typically combine the time of the observation, and the value of the observation (e.g., measurement). Additionally, metadata may be attached at any level of this structure as descriptive “[[attributes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Attribute.WebHome]]”. [[Code lists>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Code list.WebHome]] (enumerations) and other patterns for [[representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] of data and metadata are also modelled.
++[[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] recognizes that statistical data is structured; in [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] this structure is termed a [[Data Structure Definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]]. “[[Data sets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data set.WebHome]]” are made up of one or more lower-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)level(%%) “groups”, based on their degrees of similarity. Each group is in turn comprised of one or more “[[series>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Series.WebHome]]” of data. Each [[series>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Series.WebHome]] or section has a “key” - values for each of a cluster of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)concepts(%%), also called "[[dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dimension.WebHome]]" - which identifies it, and one or more “observations”, which typically combine the time of the observation, and the value of the observation (e.g., measurement). Additionally, metadata may be attached at any (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)level(%%) of this structure as descriptive “[[attributes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Attribute.WebHome]]”. [[Code lists>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Code list.WebHome]] (enumerations) and other patterns for [[representation>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Representation.WebHome]] of data and metadata are also modelled.
  There is some similarity between “cube” structures commonly used to process statistical data, and the [[Data Structure Definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Data structure definition.WebHome]] idea in the [[SDMX Information Model>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.SDMX Information Model.WebHome]]. It is important to note that the data as structured according to the [[SDMX Information Model>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.SDMX Information Model.WebHome]] is optimized for exchange, potentially with partners who may have no ability to process a “cube” of data coming from complex statistical systems. [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] [[time series>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Series.WebHome]] can be understood as “slices” of the cube. Such a slice is identified by its key. A "[[series>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Series.WebHome]]" key consists of the values for all [[dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Dimension.WebHome]] specified by the key family except time. Thus, it is possible to reconstruct and describe data cubes from [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]]-structured data, and to exchange such databases using the interfaces and formats provided for that purpose in the standard. Additional objects such as [[hierarchical code lists>>doc:sdmx:Glossary 2\.1.Hierarchical code list.WebHome]], (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)constraints(%%) and structure (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)maps(%%) make it possible to more fully model the structure of cubes.