Interoperability Basis Platform

== 10.1 Introduction ==

(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) are used as a way to restrict what data can be reported, or to report what data exists in a given context. There are three types of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%), which serve different purposes

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* Availability (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]]

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* [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]]

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* Reporting (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]]

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An Availability (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) defines the data that exists in the context of a data query.

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They form part of the response message from the Availability REST API. Availability (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) are dynamically generated by a system based on the data that exists and the query context. Availability (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) are therefore not Identifiable structures (they have no URN).

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A [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is a property of a [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]], they are used to fix the [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] that they use in the [[Data Structure Definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] which they use. [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) enable [[Data Structure Definitions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] to evolve over time by having new [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] added, without having to undergo a major (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) change.

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A Reporting (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is used to define the set of allowed and/or disallowed values that can be reported in a data or metadata set.

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== 10.2 Availability Constraint ==

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An Availability (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is not a maintained structure, instead it is generated dynamically as a response to the availability REST API. The purpose of the Availability (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is to define the distinct set of values that have data over 1 or more [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]]. Unlike a Data and Metadata (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%), which can attach to multiple Constrainable structures (of the same type), an Availability (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) can only attach to only one structure. The attachment defines the context of the response (data exists for [[components>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]] in the context of). The subset of Constrainable structures the Availability (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) can attach to are:

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* [[Data Structure Definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]]

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* [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]]

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* Provision Agreement

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== 10.3 Dimension Constraint ==

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A [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is a property of a [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]]; its purpose is to explicitly list the [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] from the corresponding [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] that are being used by the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]].

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[[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) were introduced in [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] 3.1 and are not required for most [[Dataflows>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] where the [[dataset>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] must always contain the full complement of [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] as defined by the corresponding [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]]. However, for some complex data collections, which may span long periods and where the full complement of required [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] are not necessarily known at design time, the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] is subject to increasing its Dimensionality over time. In this scenario it is possible to define the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] as an evolving structure, this property tells the user that the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] can have new [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] added without having to undergo a major (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) change; a [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] at (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) 1.0.0 for example would be able to add a new [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] and move to (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) 1.1.0; a change that would not ordinarily be allowed. A minor (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) change on the addition of a new [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] is only possible if the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] defines itself as an evolving structure. This is a new property of the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] introduced in (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) 3.1 to satisfy this use case. The evolving structure property is either true or false, defaulting to false if not specified. Setting the evolving structure property to true requires a major (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) change, and therefore can only be introduced on an x.0.0 release (e.g. 1.0.0). The evolving structure property can be set to false to indicate that there will be no additional [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] added to the Data Structure under the same major (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) number; setting the evolving structure property to false does not require require a major (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) change on the Data Structure.

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When a [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] references a [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]], late binding on the minor release, and the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] has the evolving structure property set to true, then the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] must contain a [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) to protect its Dimensionality from changing over time without a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) change.

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The [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) provides the explicit list of [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] that the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] uses from the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] that it references. This enables the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] to evolve over time without breaking the compatibility of [[datasets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] against the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]].

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__**Rules for a [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] [[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]]**__

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* A [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] must contain a [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) if the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] which it uses states that it is an evolving structure and the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] is late binding on the minor release (latest minor release of a given major (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%), e.g. 1.0+.0)

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* The [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) can only include [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] from the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] that is referenced by the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]].

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* A [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) can only be changed if the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] undergoes a major (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) change

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* [[Datasets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] reported against the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] must only contain reported values for the [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] specified in the [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%).

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* When exporting data for the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]], the [[dataset>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] should only include the [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] specified by the [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%).

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* When exporting data for the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] the [[dataset>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] must contain the full set of [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] as specified by the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]]. The tilde ‘’ character is used to represent a value which is not present due to the [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] not being included in the corresponding [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]].

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__**Example [[Datasets>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] with Evolving Structures**__

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A [[dataset>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] is built against a [[Data Structure Definition>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]]. The [[dataset>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] contains data for two [[Dataflows>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]]. [[Dataflows>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] ‘DF_POP’ uses a [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) which fixes its [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] to FREQ and REF_AREA. [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] ‘DF_POP_SA’ does not reference a [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%), and as such includes all [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] as specified by the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]].

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The resulting [[dataset>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] contains values ‘’ for both the [[SEX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Sex.WebHome]] and [[AGE>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Age.WebHome]] [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] for the series related to DF_POP.

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(% style="width:758.294px" %)

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|(% style="width:119px" %)**Dataflow**|(% colspan="7" style="width:635px" %)**FREQ REF_AREA SEX AGE OBS_VALUE TIME_PERIOD UNIT**

== 10.4 Reporting Constraints ==

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A Reporting (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is a [[Maintainable Artefact>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Maintainable artefact.WebHome]] which restricts the values that can be reported in a [[dataset>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]] or [[metadata set>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Metadata set.WebHome]] based on one or more inclusion or exclusion rules.

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A reporting (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is one of the following concrete types:

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* Data (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]]

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* Metadata (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]]

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=== 10.4.1 Data Constraint ===

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A Data (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is used to add additional restrictions to the allowable values reported in a [[dataset>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data set.WebHome]]. Data (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) can be applied to the follow structures which are collectively known as Constrainable structures:

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* Data Structure Definition

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* Dataflow

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* Provision Agreement

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* Data Provider

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**Note** regardless of the Constrainable structure, the restricted values relate to the allowable content for the [[Component>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]] of the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] to which the constrained object relates.

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=== 10.4.2 Metadata Constraint ===

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A Metadata (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is used to add additional restrictions to the allowable values reported in a metadataset. Metadata (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) can be applied to the follow structures which are collectively known as Constrainable structures:

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* Metadata Structure Definition

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* Metadataflow

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* Metadata Provision Agreement

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* Metadata Provider

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**Note** regardless of the Constrainable structure, the restricted values relate to the allowable content for the [[Component>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]] of the [[MSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Metadata structure definition.WebHome]] to which the constrained object relates.

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=== 10.4.3 Scope of a Constraint ===

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A (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is used specify the content of a data or metadata source in terms of the [[component>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]] values or the keys.

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In terms of data the [[components>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]] are:

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* [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]]

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* Time [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]]

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* Data [[Attribute>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]]

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* [[Measure>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Measure.WebHome]]

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* Metadata [[Attribute>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]]

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* DataKeySets: the keys are the content of the KeyDescriptor – i.e., the [[series keys>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Series key.WebHome]] composed, for each key, by a value for each [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]].

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In terms of [[reference metadata>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Reference metadata.WebHome]] the [[components>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]] are:

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* Metadata [[Attribute>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]]

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For a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) based on a [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) can reference one or more of:

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* Data Structure Definition

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* Dataflow

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* Provision Agreement

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* Data Provider

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For a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) based on an [[MSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Metadata structure definition.WebHome]] the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) can reference one or more of:

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* Metadata Structure Definition

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* Metadataflow

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* Metadata Provision Agreement

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* Metadata Provider

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* [[Metadata Set>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Metadata set.WebHome]]

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Furthermore, there can be more than one (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) specified for a specific object e.g., more than one (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) for a specific [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]].

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In view of the flexibility of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) attachment, clear rules on their usage are required. These are elaborated below.

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=== 10.4.4 Multiple Constraints ===

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There can be many (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) for any Constrainable [[Artefact>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Artefact.WebHome]] (e.g., [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]]), subject to the following restrictions:

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==== 10.4.4.1 Cube Region ====

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A (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) can contain multiple [[Member Selections>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]] (e.g., Dimensions).

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* A specific [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]] (e.g., [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] FREQ) can only be contained in one Cube Region for any one attached object (e.g., a specific [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] or specific Dataflow).

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* [[Component>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]] values within a [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]] may define a validity period. Otherwise, the value is valid for the whole validity of the Cube Region.

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* For partial reference resolution purposes (as per the [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] REST API), the latest non-draft (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) must be considered.

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* A [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]] may include wildcarding of values (using character ‘%’ to represent zero or more occurrences of any character), as well as cascading through hierarchic structures (e.g., parents in [[Codelist>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code list.WebHome]]), or localised values (e.g., text for English only). Lack of locale means any language may match. Cascading values are mutual exclusive to localised values, as the former refer to coded values, while the latter refer to uncoded values.

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* Any values included in a [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]] for [[Components>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]] with an array data type (i.e., [[Measures>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Measure.WebHome]], [[Attributes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]] or Metadata [[Attributes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]]), will be applied as single values and will not be assessed combined with other values to match all possible array values. For example, including the [[Code>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] ‘A’ for an [[Attribute>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]] will allow any instance of the [[Attribute>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]] that includes ‘A’, like [‘A’, ‘B’] or [‘A’, ‘C’, ‘D’]. Similarly, if [[Code>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] ‘A’ was excluded, all those arrays of values would also be excluded.

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==== 10.4.4.2 Key Set ====

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Key Sets will be processed in the order they appear in the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) and wildcards can be used (e.g., any key position not reference explicitly is deemed to be "all values").

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As the Key Sets can be "included" or "excluded" it is recommended that Key Sets with wildcards are declared before KeySets with specific [[series keys>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Series key.WebHome]]. This will minimize the risk that keys are inadvertently included or excluded.

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In addition, [[Attribute>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]], [[Measure>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Measure.WebHome]] and Metadata [[Attribute>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) may accompany KeySets, in order to specify the allowed values per Key. Those are expressed following the rules for Cube Regions, as explained above.

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Finally, a validity period may be specified per Key.

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=== 10.4.4 Versioning ===

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When Data and Metadata (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) are versioned, the latest (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) of the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is used to generate the reporting restriction rules; all previous (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[versions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) are for historical information only.

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If restrictions are applicable to certain periods in time, the validFrom and validTo properties can be set on the specific values. This allows (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) to evolve over time, increasing their (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[version>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) number as they do so, whilst being able to maintain a complete set of reporting restrictions for current and past datasets.

Example:

Data (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) 1.0.0

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(% style="width:573.294px" %)

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|(% style="width:108px" %)[[Component>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]]|(% style="width:127px" %)Valid Value|(% style="width:150px" %)Valid from|(% style="width:185px" %)Valid to

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|(% rowspan="3" style="width:108px" %)COUNTRY|(% style="width:127px" %)UK|(% style="width:150px" %) |(% style="width:185px" %)

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|(% style="width:127px" %)FR|(% style="width:150px" %) |(% style="width:185px" %)

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|(% style="width:127px" %)DE|(% style="width:150px" %) |(% style="width:185px" %)

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Data (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) 1.1.0

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(% style="width:576.294px" %)

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|(% style="width:110px" %)Component|(% style="width:129px" %)Valid Value|(% style="width:145px" %)Valid from|(% style="width:189px" %)Valid to

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|(% rowspan="3" style="width:110px" %)COUNTRY|(% style="width:129px" %)UK|(% style="width:145px" %) |(% style="width:189px" %)

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|(% style="width:129px" %)FR|(% style="width:145px" %) |(% style="width:189px" %)2012

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|(% style="width:129px" %)DE|(% style="width:145px" %) |(% style="width:189px" %)

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When both (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[versions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Version.WebHome]](%%) of the Data (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) are in a system, an [[observation value>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Observation value.WebHome]] reported against COUNTRY FR for [[time period>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Time period.WebHome]] 2013 would be deemed invalid as the 1.1.0 rule would be applied.

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=== 10.4.6 Inheritance ===

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==== 10.4.6.1 Attachment levels of a Constraint ====

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There are three (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[levels>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) attachment for which these inheritance rules apply:

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* [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]]/[[MSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Metadata structure definition.WebHome]] – top (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]]

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** [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]]/[[Metadataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Metadataflow.WebHome]] – second (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]]

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*** [[Provision Agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Provision agreement.WebHome]] – third (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]]

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It is not necessary for a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) to be attached to a higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) [[artefact>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Artefact.WebHome]]. e.g., it is valid to have a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) for a [[Provision Agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Provision agreement.WebHome]] where there are no (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) attached the relevant [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] or [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]].

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==== 10.4.6.2 Cascade rules for processing Constraints ====

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The processing of the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) on either [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]]/[[Metadataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Metadataflow.WebHome]] or [[Provision Agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Provision agreement.WebHome]] must take into account the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) declared at higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[levels>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%). The rules for the lower-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) (attached to [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]]/ [[Metadataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Metadataflow.WebHome]] and [[Provision Agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Provision agreement.WebHome]]) are detailed below.

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Note that there can be a situation where a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is specified at a lower (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) before a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is specified at a higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%). Therefore, it is possible that a higher-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) makes a lower-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) invalid. [[SDMX>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Statistical data and metadata exchange.WebHome]] makes no rules on how such a conflict should be handled when processing the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) for attachment. However, the cascade rules on evaluating (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) for usage are clear – the higher-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) takes precedence in any conflicts that result in a less restrictive specification at the lower (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%).

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==== 10.4.6.3 Cube Region ====

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It is not necessary to have a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) on the higher-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) [[artefact>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Artefact.WebHome]] (e.g., [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] referenced by the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]]), but if there is such a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) at the higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%)(s) then:

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* The lower-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) cannot be less restrictive than the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) specified for the same [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]] (e.g. [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]]) at the next higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%), which constrains that [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]]. For example, if the [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] FREQ is constrained to A, Q in a [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]], then the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) at the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] or [[Provision Agreement>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Provision agreement.WebHome]] cannot be A, Q, M or even just M – it can only further constrain A, Q.

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* The (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) at the lower (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) for any one [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]] further constrains the content for the same [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]] at the higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%)(s).

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* Any [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]], which is not referenced in a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%), is deemed to be constrained according to the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) specified at the next higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) which (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) that [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]].

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* If there is a conflict when resolving the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) in terms of a lower-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) being less restrictive than a higher-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%), then the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) at the higher-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) is used.

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Note that it is possible for a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) at a higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) to constrain, say, four [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] in a single (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%), and a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) at a lower (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) to constrain the same four in two, three, or four (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%).

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==== 10.4.6.4 Key Set ====

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It is not necessary to have a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) on the higher-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) [[artefact>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Artefact.WebHome]] (e.g., [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] referenced by the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]]), but if there is such a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) at the higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%)(s) then:

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* The lower-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) cannot be less restrictive than the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) specified at the higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%).

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* The (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) at the lower (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) for any one [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]] further constrains the keys specified at the higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%)(s).

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* Any [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]], which is not referenced in a (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%), is deemed to be constrained according to the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) specified at the next higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) which (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) that [[Member Selection>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Member selection.WebHome]].

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* If there is a conflict when resolving the keys in the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) at two (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[levels>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%), in terms of a lower-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) being less restrictive than a higher-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%), then the offending keys specified at the lower (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) are not deemed part of the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%).

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Note that a Key in a Key Set can have wildcarded [[Components>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]]. For instance, the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) may simply constrain the [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] FREQ to "A", and all keys where the FREQ="A" are therefore valid.

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The following logic explains how the inheritance mechanism works. Note that this is conceptual logic and actual systems may differ in the way this is implemented.

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1. Determine all possible keys that are valid at the higher (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%).

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1. These keys are deemed to be inherited by the lower-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) constrained object, subject to the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) specified at the lower (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%).

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1. Determine all possible keys that are possible using the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) specified at the lower (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%).

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1. At the lower (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) inherit all keys that match with the higher-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%).

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1. If there are keys in the lower-(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[level>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) that are not inherited then the key is invalid (i.e., it is less restrictive).

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=== 10.4.7 Constraints Examples ===

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==== 10.4.7.1 Data Constraint and Cascading ====

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The following scenario is used.

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A [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] contains the following [[Dimensions>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]]:

* GEO – Geography

* SEX – Sex

* AGE – Age

* CAS – Current Activity Status

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In the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]], common [[code lists>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code list.WebHome]] are used and the requirement is to restrict these at various (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[levels>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) to specify the actual [[code>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] that are valid for the object to which the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) is attached.

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[[image:1750065279010-260.png]]

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**Figure 20: Example Scenario for Constraints **

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Constraints are declared as follows:

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[[image:1750065319060-899.png]]

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**Figure 21: Example Constraints**

Notes:

[[AGE>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Age.WebHome]] is constrained for the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] and is further restricted for the [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] CENSUS_CUBE1.

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* The same (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) applies to both Provision Agreements.

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The cascade rules elaborated above result as follows:

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[[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]]

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* Constrained by eliminating [[code>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] 001 from the [[code list>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code list.WebHome]] for the [[AGE>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Age.WebHome]] [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]].

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[[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] CENSUS_CUBE1

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* Constrained by restricting the [[code list>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code list.WebHome]] for the [[AGE>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Age.WebHome]] [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] to [[codes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] 002 and 003 (note that this is a more restrictive (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) than that declared for the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] which specifies all [[codes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] except [[code>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] 001).

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** Restricts the CAS [[codes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] to 003 and 004.

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[[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] CENSUS_CUBE2

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* Restricts the [[code list>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code list.WebHome]] for the CAS [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] to [[codes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] TOT and NAP.

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** Inherits the [[AGE>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Age.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) applied at the level of the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]].

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Provision Agreement CENSUS_CUBE1_IT

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* Restricts the [[codes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] for the GEO [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] to IT and its children.

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** Inherits the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) from [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] CENSUS_CUBE1 for the [[AGE>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Age.WebHome]] and CAS Dimensions.

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Provision Agreement CENSUS_CUBE2_IT

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* Restricts the [[codes>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Code.WebHome]] for the GEO [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]] to IT and its children.

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** Inherits the (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) from [[Dataflow>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]] CENSUS_CUBE2 for the CAS [[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]].

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** Inherits the [[AGE>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Age.WebHome]] (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[constraint>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) applied at the level of the [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]].

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The (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) are defined as follows:

DSD Constraint

[[image:1750065367824-357.png]]

Dataflow Constraints

[[image:1750065392163-400.png]]

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Provision Agreement Constraint

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[[image:1750065461589-995.png]]

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**10.4.7.2 Combination of Constraints**

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The possible combination of constraining terms are explained in this section, following a few examples.

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Let’s assume a [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] with the following [[Components>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]]:

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(% style="width:459.294px" %)

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)[[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]]|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)FREQ

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)[[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]]|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)JD_TYPE

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)[[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]]|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)JD_CATEGORY

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)[[Dimension>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dimension.WebHome]]|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)VIS_CTY

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)TimeDimension|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)TIME_PERIOD

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#16a085" %)[[Attribute>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]]|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#16a085" %)OBS_STATUS

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#16a085" %)[[Attribute>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]]|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#16a085" %)UNIT

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#16a085" %)[[Attribute>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Attribute.WebHome]]|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#16a085" %)[[COMMENT>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Comment.WebHome]]

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#f39c12" %)MetadataAttribute|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)CONTACT

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Measure>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Measure.WebHome]]|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)MULTISELECT

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|(% style="width:204px" %)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Measure>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Measure.WebHome]]|(% style="width:252px" %)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)CHOICE

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On the above, let’s assume the following use cases with their constraining requirements:

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**Use Case 1: A Constraint on allowed values for some Dimensions**

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R1: Allow monthly and quarterly data

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R2: Allow Mexico for vis-à-vis country

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This is expressed with the following CubeRegion:

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(% style="width:287.294px" %)

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|(% style="width:131px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)FREQ|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)M, Q

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|(% style="width:131px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#3498db" %)MX

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**Use Case 2: A Constraint on allowed combinations for some Dimensions**

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R1: Allow monthly data for Germany

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R2: Allow quarterly data for Mexico

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This is expressed with the following DataKeySet:

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(% style="width:388.294px" %)

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|(% style="width:105px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Key1|(% style="width:137px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:143px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)M

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|(% style="width:105px" %) |(% style="width:137px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:143px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)DE

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|(% rowspan="2" style="width:105px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Key2|(% style="width:137px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:143px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Q

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|(% style="width:137px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:143px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)MX

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**Use Case 3: A Constraint on allowed values for some Dimensions combined with allowed values for some Attributes** R1: Allow monthly and quarterly data

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R2: Allow Mexico for vis-à-vis country

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R3: Allow present for status

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This may be expressed with the following CubeRegion:

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(% style="width:285.294px" %)

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|(% style="width:143px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:139px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)M, Q

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|(% style="width:143px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:139px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)MX

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|(% style="width:143px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)OBS_STATUS|(% style="width:139px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)A

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**Use Case 4: A Constraint on allowed combinations for some Dimensions combined with specific Attribute values**

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R1: Allow monthly data, for Germany, with unit euro

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R2: Allow quarterly data, for Mexico, with unit usd

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This may be expressed with the following DataKeySet:

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(% style="width:389.294px" %)

367

|(% rowspan="3" style="width:89px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Key1|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:142px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)M

368

|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:142px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)DE

369

|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)UNIT|(% style="width:142px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)EUR

370

|(% rowspan="3" style="width:89px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Key2|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:142px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Q

371

|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:142px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)MX

372

|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)UNIT|(% style="width:142px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)USD

373

374

**Use Case 5: A Constraint on allowed values for some Dimensions together with some combination of Dimension values**

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R1: For annually and quarterly data, for Mexico and Germany, only A status is allowed

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R2: For monthly data, for Mexico and Germany, only F status is allowed

379

380

Considering the above examples, the following CubeRegions would be created:

381

382

(% style="width:449.294px" %)

383

|(% rowspan="3" style="width:126px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)CubeRegion1|(% style="width:137px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:183px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Q, A

384

|(% style="width:137px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:183px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)MX, DE

385

|(% style="width:137px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)OBS_STATUS|(% style="width:183px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)A

386

|(% rowspan="3" style="width:126px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)CubeRegion2|(% style="width:137px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:183px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)M

387

|(% style="width:137px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:183px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)MX, DE

388

|(% style="width:137px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)OBS_STATUS|(% style="width:183px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)F

389

390

The problem with this approach is that according to the business rule for (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%), only one should be specified per [[Component>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Component.WebHome]]. Thus, if a software would perform some conflict resolution would end up with empty sets for FREQ and OBS_STATUS (as they do not share any values).

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392

Nevertheless, there is a much easier approach to that; this is the cascading mechanism of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%) (as shown in 10.4.7.1). Hence, these rules would be expressed into two (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[levels>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Level.WebHome]](%%) of (% style="color:#e74c3c" %)[[Constraints>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Constraint.WebHome]](%%), e.g., [[DSD>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Data structure definition.WebHome]] and [[Dataflows>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Dataflow.WebHome]]:

DSD CubeRegion:

(% style="width:280.294px" %)

397

|(% style="width:156px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:121px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)M, Q, A

398

|(% style="width:156px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:121px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)MX, DE

399

|(% style="width:156px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)OBS_STATUS|(% style="width:121px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)A, F

400

401

Dataflow1 CubeRegion:

402

403

(% style="width:285.294px" %)

404

|(% style="width:157px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:125px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Q, A

405

|(% style="width:157px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:125px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)MX, DE

406

|(% style="width:157px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)OBS_STATUS|(% style="width:125px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)F

407

408

Dataflow2 CubeRegion:

409

410

(% style="width:288.294px" %)

411

|(% style="width:159px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:126px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)M

412

|(% style="width:159px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:126px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)MX, DE

413

|(% style="width:159px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)OBS_STATUS|(% style="width:126px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)A

414

415

**Use case 6: A Constraint on allowed values for some Dimensions combined with allowed values for Measures**

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R1: Allow monthly data, for Germany, with unit euro, and [[measure>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Measure.WebHome]] choice is 'A' R2: Allow quarterly data, for Mexico, with unit usd, and [[measure>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Measure.WebHome]] choice is 'B'

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This may be expressed with the following DataKeySet:

420

421

(% style="width:404.294px" %)

422

|(% rowspan="4" style="width:99px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Key1|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:149px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)M

423

|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:149px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)DE

424

|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)UNIT|(% style="width:149px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)EUR

425

|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)CHOICE|(% style="width:149px" %)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)A

426

|(% rowspan="4" style="width:99px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Key2|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:149px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)Q

427

|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:149px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)MX

428

|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)UNIT|(% style="width:149px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)USD

429

|(% style="width:153px" %)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)CHOICE|(% style="width:149px" %)(% style="color:#e74c3c" %)B

430

431

**Use Case 7: A Constraint with wildcards for Codes and removePrefix property**

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433

For this example, we assume that the VIS_CTY representation has been prefixed with prefix ‘AREA_’. In this Constraint, we need to remove the prefix.

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R1: Allow monthly and quarterly data

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437

R2: Allow vis-à-vis countries that start with M

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R3: Remove the prefix ‘AREA_’

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This may be expressed with the following CubeRegion:

442

443

(% style="width:379.294px" %)

444

|(% style="width:264px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:112px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)M, Q

445

|(% style="width:264px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY (removePrefix=’AREA_’)|(% style="width:112px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)M%

446

447

**Use Case 8: A Constraint with multilingual support on Attributes**

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449

R1: Allow monthly and quarterly data

450

451

R2: Allow Mexico for vis-à-vis country

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R3: Allow a [[comment>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Comment.WebHome]], in English, which includes the term adjusted for status

454

455

This may be expressed with the following CubeRegion:

456

457

(% style="width:382.294px" %)

458

|(% style="width:190px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)FREQ|(% style="width:189px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)M, Q

459

|(% style="width:190px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)VIS_CTY|(% style="width:189px" %)(% style="color:#2980b9" %)MX

460

|(% style="width:190px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)[[COMMENT>>doc:sdmx:Glossary.Comment.WebHome]] (lang=’en’)|(% style="width:189px" %)(% style="color:#27ae60" %)%adjusted%

461

462

**Use Case 9: A Constraint on allowed values for Dimensions combined with allowed** values for Metadata Attributes R1: Allow monthly and quarterly data

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R2: Allow Mexico for vis-à-vis country

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466

R3: Allow John Doe for contact

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468

This may be expressed with the following CubeRegion:

469

470

(% style="width:388.294px" %)