Changes for page 12 Validation and Transformation Language (VTL)

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...	...	@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@
80	80
81	81	For example, by using the URN, the VTL Transformation that sums two SDMX Dataflows DF1 and DF2 and assigns the result to a third persistent Dataflow DFR, assuming that DF1, DF2 and DFR are the maintainedobject-id of the three Dataflows, that their version is 1.0.0 and their Agency is AG, would be written as{{footnote}}Since these references to SDMX objects include non-permitted characters as per the VTL ID notation, they need to be included between single quotes, according to the VTL rules for irregular names.{{/footnote}}:
82	82
83		->(% style="font-size:16px" %) 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DFR(1.0.0)' <-
84		->(% style="font-size:16px" %) 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF1(1.0.0)' +
85		->(% style="font-size:16px" %) 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF2(1.0.0)'
	83	+> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DFR(1.0.0)' <-
	84	+> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF1(1.0.0)' +
	85	+> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF2(1.0.0)'
86	86
87	87	=== 12.2.3 Abbreviation of the URN ===
88	88
...	...	@@ -92,10 +92,13 @@
92	92
93	93	* The SDMXprefix can be omitted for all the SDMX objects, because it is a prefixed string (urn:sdmx:org), always the same for SDMX objects.
94	94	* The SDMX-IM-package-name** **can be omitted as well because it can be deduced from the class-name that follows it (the table of the SDMX-IM packages and classes that allows this deduction is in the SDMX 2.1 Standards - Section 5 - Registry Specifications, paragraph 6.2.3). In particular, considering the object classes of the artefacts that VTL can reference, the package is:
95		-** "datastructure" for the classes Dataflow, Dimension, TimeDimension, Measure, DataAttribute, o "conceptscheme" for the class Concept, o "codelist" for the class Codelist.
	95	+** "datastructure" for the classes Dataflow, Dimension, TimeDimension, Measure, DataAttribute,
	96	+** "conceptscheme" for the class Concept,
	97	+** "codelist" for the class Codelist.
96	96	* The class-name can be omitted as it can be deduced from the VTL invocation. In particular, starting from the VTL class of the invoked artefact (e.g. dataset, component, identifier, measure, attribute, variable, valuedomain), which is known given the syntax of the invoking VTL operator{{footnote}}For the syntax of the VTL operators see the VTL Reference Manual{{/footnote}}, the SDMX class can be deduced from the mapping rules between VTL and SDMX (see the section "Mapping between VTL and SDMX" hereinafter){{footnote}}In case the invoked artefact is a VTL component, which can be invoked only within the invocation of a VTL data set (SDMX Dataflow), the specific SDMX class-name (e.g. Dimension, TimeDimension, Measure or DataAttribute) can be deduced from the data structure of the SDMX Dataflow, which the component belongs to.{{/footnote}}.
97	97	* If the agency-id is not specified, it is assumed by default equal to the agency-id of the TransformationScheme, UserDefinedOperatorScheme or RulesetScheme from which the artefact is invoked. For example, the agencyid can be omitted if it is the same as the invoking TransformationScheme and cannot be omitted if the artefact comes from another agency{{footnote}}If the Agency is composite (for example AgencyA.Dept1.Unit2), the agency is considered different even if only part of the composite name is different (for example AgencyA.Dept1.Unit3 is a different Agency than the previous one). Moreover the agency-id cannot be omitted in part (i.e., if a TransformationScheme owned by AgencyA.Dept1.Unit2 references an artefact coming from AgencyA.Dept1.Unit3, the specification of the agency-id becomes mandatory and must be complete, without omitting the possibly equal parts like AgencyA.Dept1){{/footnote}}. Take also into account that, according to the VTL consistency rules, the agency of the result of a Transformation must be the same as its TransformationScheme, therefore the agency-id can be omitted for all the results (left part of Transformation statements).
98		-* As for the maintainedobject-id, this is essential in some cases while in other cases it can be omitted: o if the referenced artefact is a Dataflow, which is a maintainable class, the maintainedobject-id is the dataflow-id and obviously cannot be omitted;
	100	+* As for the maintainedobject-id, this is essential in some cases while in other cases it can be omitted:
	101	+** if the referenced artefact is a Dataflow, which is a maintainable class, the maintainedobject-id is the dataflow-id and obviously cannot be omitted;
99	99	** if the referenced artefact is a Dimension, TimeDimension, Measure, DataAttribute, which are not maintainable and belong to the DataStructure maintainable class, the maintainedobject-id is the dataStructure-id and can be omitted, given that these components are always invoked within the invocation of a Dataflow, whose dataStructure-id can be deduced from the SDMX structural definitions;
100	100	** if the referenced artefact is a Concept, which is not maintainable and belong to the ConceptScheme maintainable class, the maintained object is the conceptScheme-id and cannot be omitted;
101	101	** if the referenced artefact is a Codelist, which is a maintainable class, the maintainedobject-id is the codelist-id and obviously cannot be omitted.
...	...	@@ -107,51 +107,47 @@
107	107
108	108	For example, the full formulation that uses the complete URN shown at the end of the previous paragraph:
109	109
110		-'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DFR(1.0.0)' :=
	113	+> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DFR(1.0.0)' :=
	114	+> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF1(1.0.0)' +
	115	+> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF2(1.0.0)'
111	111
112		-'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF1(1.0.0)' +
113		-
114		-'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF2(1.0.0)'
115		-
116	116	by omitting all the non-essential parts would become simply:
117	117
118		-DFR := DF1 + DF2
	119	+> DFR  : =  DF1 + DF2
119	119
120	120	The references to the Codelists can be simplified similarly. For example, given the non-abbreviated reference to the Codelist AG:CL_FREQ(1.0.0), which is{{footnote}}Single quotes are needed because this reference is not a VTL regular name. 19 Single quotes are not needed in this case because CL_FREQ is a VTL regular name.{{/footnote}}:
121	121
122		-'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.codelist.Codelist=AG:CL_FREQ(1.0.0)'
	123	+> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.codelist.Codelist=AG:CL_FREQ(1.0.0)'
123	123
124	124	if the Codelist is referenced from a RulesetScheme belonging to the agency AG, omitting all the optional parts, the abbreviated reference would become simply^^19^^:
125	125
126		-CL_FREQ
	127	+> CL_FREQ
127	127
128	128	As for the references to the components, it can be enough to specify the componentId, given that the dataStructure-Id can be omitted. An example of non-abbreviated reference, if the data structure is DST1 and the component is SECTOR, is the following:
129	129
130		-'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.DataStructure=AG:DST1(1.0.0).S
	131	+> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.DataStructure=AG:DST1(1.0.0).S ECTOR'
131	131
132		-ECTOR'
133		-
134	134	The corresponding fully abbreviated reference, if made from a TransformationScheme belonging to AG, would become simply:
135	135
136		-SECTOR
	135	+> SECTOR
137	137
138	138	For example, the Transformation for renaming the component SECTOR of the Dataflow DF1 into SEC can be written as{{footnote}}The result DFR(1.0.0) is be equal to DF1(1.0.0) save that the component SECTOR is called SEC{{/footnote}}:
139	139
140		-'DFR(1.0.0)' := 'DF1(1.0.0)' [rename SECTOR to SEC]
	139	+> 'DFR(1.0.0)' := 'DF1(1.0.0)' [rename SECTOR to SEC]
141	141
142	142	In the references to the Concepts, which can exist for example in the definition of the VTL Rulesets, at least the conceptScheme-id and the concept-id must be specified.
143	143
144	144	An example of non-abbreviated reference, if the conceptScheme-id is CS1 and the concept-id is SECTOR, is the following:
145	145
146		-'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.conceptscheme.Concept=AG:CS1(1.0.0).SECTOR'
	145	+> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.conceptscheme.Concept=AG:CS1(1.0.0).SECTOR'
147	147
148	148	The corresponding fully abbreviated reference, if made from a RulesetScheme belonging to AG, would become simply:
149	149
150		-CS1(1.0.0).SECTOR
	149	+> CS1(1.0.0).SECTOR
151	151
152	152	The Codes and in general all the Values can be written without any other specification, for example, the transformation to check if the values of the measures of the Dataflow DF1 are between 0 and 25000 can be written like follows:
153	153
154		-'DFR(1.0.0)' := between ( 'DF1(1.0.0)', 0, 25000 )
	153	+> 'DFR(1.0.0)' := between ( 'DF1(1.0.0)', 0, 25000 )
155	155
156	156	The artefact (Component, Concept, Codelist …) which the Values are referred to can be deduced from the context in which the reference is made, taking also into account the VTL syntax. In the Transformation above, for example, the values 0 and 2500 are compared to the values of the measures of DF1(1.0.0).
157	157
...	...	@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
199	199
200	200	The possible mapping options are described in more detail in the following sections.
201	201
202		-=== 12.3.2 Mapping from SDMX to VTL data structures ===
	201	+=== 12.3.3 Mapping from SDMX to VTL data structures ===
203	203
204	204	==== 12.3.3.1 Basic Mapping ====
205	205
...	...	@@ -207,11 +207,12 @@
207	207
208	208	When transforming **from SDMX to VTL**, this method consists in leaving the components unchanged and maintaining their names and roles, according to the following table:
209	209
210		-|**SDMX**|**VTL**
211		-|Dimension|(Simple) Identifier
212		-|TimeDimension|(Time) Identifier
213		-|Measure|Measure
214		-|DataAttribute|Attribute
	209	+(% style="width:468.294px" %)
	210	+|(% style="width:196px" %)**SDMX**|(% style="width:269px" %)**VTL**
	211	+|(% style="width:196px" %)Dimension|(% style="width:269px" %)(Simple) Identifier
	212	+|(% style="width:196px" %)TimeDimension|(% style="width:269px" %)(Time) Identifier
	213	+|(% style="width:196px" %)Measure|(% style="width:269px" %)Measure
	214	+|(% style="width:196px" %)DataAttribute|(% style="width:269px" %)Attribute
215	215
216	216	The SDMX DataAttributes, in VTL they are all considered "at data point / observation level" (i.e. dependent on all the VTL Identifiers), because VTL does not have the SDMX AttributeRelationships, which defines the construct to which the DataAttribute is related (e.g. observation, dimension or set or group of dimensions, whole data set).
217	217
...	...	@@ -221,10 +221,8 @@
221	221
222	222	An alternative mapping method from SDMX to VTL is the **Pivot **mapping, which makes sense and is different from the Basic method only for the SDMX data structures that contain a Dimension that plays the role of measure dimension (like in SDMX 2.1) and just one Measure. Through this method, these structures can be mapped to multimeasure VTL data structures. Besides that, a user may choose to use any Dimension acting as a list of Measures (e.g., a Dimension with indicators), either by considering the “Measure” role of a Dimension, or at will using any coded Dimension. Of course, in SDMX 3.0, this can only work when only one Measure is defined in the DSD.
223	223
224		-In SDMX 2.1 the MeasureDimension was a subclass of DimensionComponent like Dimension and TimeDimension. In the current SDMX version, this subclass does not exist anymore, however a Dimension can have the role of measure dimension (i.e. a Dimension that contributes to the identification of the measures). In SDMX 2.1 a DataStructure could have zero or one MeasureDimensions, in the current version of the standard, from zero to many Dimension may have the role of measure dimension. Hereinafter a Dimension that plays the role of measure dimension is referenced for simplicity as “MeasureDimension“, i.e. maintaining the capital letters and the courier font even if the MeasureDimension is not anymore a class in the SDMX Information Model of the current SDMX version. For the sake of simplicity, the description below considers just one Dimension having the role of MeasureDimension (i.e., the more simple and common case). Nevertheless, it maintains its validity also if in the DataStructure there are more dimension with the role of MeasureDimensions: in this case what is said about the MeasureDimension must be applied to the combination of all the
	224	+In SDMX 2.1 the MeasureDimension was a subclass of DimensionComponent like Dimension and TimeDimension. In the current SDMX version, this subclass does not exist anymore, however a Dimension can have the role of measure dimension (i.e. a Dimension that contributes to the identification of the measures). In SDMX 2.1 a DataStructure could have zero or one MeasureDimensions, in the current version of the standard, from zero to many Dimension may have the role of measure dimension. Hereinafter a Dimension that plays the role of measure dimension is referenced for simplicity as “MeasureDimension“, i.e. maintaining the capital letters and the courier font even if the MeasureDimension is not anymore a class in the SDMX Information Model of the current SDMX version. For the sake of simplicity, the description below considers just one Dimension having the role of MeasureDimension (i.e., the more simple and common case). Nevertheless, it maintains its validity also if in the DataStructure there are more dimension with the role of MeasureDimensions: in this case what is said about the MeasureDimension must be applied to the combination of all the MeasureDimensions considered as a joint variable{{footnote}}E.g., if in the data structure there exist 3 Dimensions C,D,E having the role of MeasureDimension, they should be considered as a joint MeasureDimension Z=(C,D,E); therefore when the description says “each possible value Cj of the MeasureDimension …” it means “each possible combination of values (Cj, Dk, Ew) of the joint MeasureDimension Z=(C,D,E)”.{{/footnote}}.
225	225
226		-MeasureDimensions considered as a joint variable{{footnote}}E.g., if in the data structure there exist 3 Dimensions C,D,E having the role of MeasureDimension, they should be considered as a joint MeasureDimension Z=(C,D,E); therefore when the description says “each possible value Cj of the MeasureDimension …” it means “each possible combination of values (Cj, Dk, Ew) of the joint MeasureDimension Z=(C,D,E)”.{{/footnote}}.
227		-
228	228	Among other things, the Pivot method provides also backward compatibility with the SDMX 2.1 data structures that contained a MeasureDimension.
229	229
230	230	If applied to SDMX structures that do not contain any MeasureDimension, this method behaves like the Basic mapping (see the previous paragraph).
...	...	@@ -237,16 +237,18 @@
237	237	* The SDMX Measure is not mapped to VTL as well (it disappears in the VTL Data Structure);
238	238	* An SDMX DataAttribute is mapped in different ways according to its AttributeRelationship:
239	239	** If, according to the SDMX AttributeRelationship, the values of the DataAttribute do not depend on the values of the MeasureDimension, the SDMX DataAttribute becomes a VTL Attribute having the same name. This happens if the AttributeRelationship is not specified (i.e. the DataAttribute does not depend on any DimensionComponent and therefore is at data set level), or if it refers to a set (or a group) of dimensions which does not include the MeasureDimension;
240		-** Otherwise, if, according to the SDMX AttributeRelationship, the values of the DataAttribute depend on the MeasureDimension, the SDMX DataAttribute is mapped to one VTL Attribute for each possible Code of the SDMX MeasureDimension. By default, the names of the VTL Attributes are obtained by concatenating the name of the SDMX DataAttribute and the names of the correspondent Code of the MeasureDimension separated by underscore. For example, if the SDMX DataAttribute is named DA and the possible Codes of the SDMX MeasureDimension are named C1, C2, …, Cn, then the corresponding VTL Attributes will be named DA_C1, DA_C2, …, DA_Cn (if different names are desired, they can be achieved afterwards by renaming the Attributes through VTL operators). o Like in the Basic mapping, the resulting VTL Attributes are considered as dependent on all the VTL identifiers (i.e. "at data point / observation level"), because VTL does not have the SDMX notion of Attribute Relationship.
	238	+** Otherwise, if, according to the SDMX AttributeRelationship, the values of the DataAttribute depend on the MeasureDimension, the SDMX DataAttribute is mapped to one VTL Attribute for each possible Code of the SDMX MeasureDimension. By default, the names of the VTL Attributes are obtained by concatenating the name of the SDMX DataAttribute and the names of the correspondent Code of the MeasureDimension separated by underscore. For example, if the SDMX DataAttribute is named DA and the possible Codes of the SDMX MeasureDimension are named C1, C2, …, Cn, then the corresponding VTL Attributes will be named DA_C1, DA_C2, …, DA_Cn (if different names are desired, they can be achieved afterwards by renaming the Attributes through VTL operators).
	239	+** Like in the Basic mapping, the resulting VTL Attributes are considered as dependent on all the VTL identifiers (i.e. "at data point / observation level"), because VTL does not have the SDMX notion of Attribute Relationship.
241	241
242	242	The summary mapping table of the "pivot" mapping from SDMX to VTL for the SDMX data structures that contain a MeasureDimension is the following:
243	243
244		-|**SDMX**|**VTL**
245		-|Dimension|(Simple) Identifier
246		-|TimeDimension|(Time) Identifier
247		-|MeasureDimension & one Measure|One Measure for each Code of the SDMX MeasureDimension
248		-|DataAttribute not depending on the MeasureDimension|Attribute
249		-|DataAttribute depending on the MeasureDimension|(((
	243	+(% style="width:739.294px" %)
	244	+|(% style="width:335px" %)**SDMX**|(% style="width:400px" %)**VTL**
	245	+|(% style="width:335px" %)Dimension|(% style="width:400px" %)(Simple) Identifier
	246	+|(% style="width:335px" %)TimeDimension|(% style="width:400px" %)(Time) Identifier
	247	+|(% style="width:335px" %)MeasureDimension & one Measure|(% style="width:400px" %)One Measure for each Code of the SDMX MeasureDimension
	248	+|(% style="width:335px" %)DataAttribute not depending on the MeasureDimension|(% style="width:400px" %)Attribute
	249	+|(% style="width:335px" %)DataAttribute depending on the MeasureDimension|(% style="width:400px" %)(((
250	250	One Attribute for each Code of the
251	251	SDMX MeasureDimension
252	252	)))
...	...	@@ -256,19 +256,14 @@
256	256	At observation / data point level, calling Cj (j=1, … n) the j^^th^^ Code of the MeasureDimension:
257	257
258	258	* The set of SDMX observations having the same values for all the Dimensions except than the MeasureDimension become one multi-measure VTL Data Point, having one Measure for each Code Cj of the SDMX MeasureDimension;
259		-* The values of the SDMX simple Dimensions, TimeDimension and DataAttributes not depending on the MeasureDimension (these components by definition have always the same values for all the observations of the set above) become the values of the corresponding VTL (simple)
260		-
261		-Identifiers, (time) Identifier and Attributes.
262		-
	259	+* The values of the SDMX simple Dimensions, TimeDimension and DataAttributes not depending on the MeasureDimension (these components by definition have always the same values for all the observations of the set above) become the values of the corresponding VTL (simple) Identifiers, (time) Identifier and Attributes.
263	263	* The value of the Measure of the SDMX observation belonging to the set above and having MeasureDimension=Cj becomes the value of the VTL Measure Cj
264	264	* For the SDMX DataAttributes depending on the MeasureDimension, the value of the DataAttribute DA of the SDMX observation belonging to the set above and having MeasureDimension=Cj becomes the value of the VTL Attribute DA_Cj
265	265
266	266	==== 12.3.3.3 From SDMX DataAttributes to VTL Measures ====
267	267
268		-* In some cases, it may happen that the DataAttributes of the SDMX DataStructure need to be managed as Measures in VTL. Therefore, a variant of both the methods above consists in transforming all the SDMX DataAttributes in VTL Measures. When DataAttributes are converted to Measures, the two methods above are called Basic_A2M and Pivot_A2M (the suffix "A2M" stands for Attributes to Measures). Obviously, the resulting VTL data structure is, in general, multi-measure and does not contain
	265	+* In some cases, it may happen that the DataAttributes of the SDMX DataStructure need to be managed as Measures in VTL. Therefore, a variant of both the methods above consists in transforming all the SDMX DataAttributes in VTL Measures. When DataAttributes are converted to Measures, the two methods above are called Basic_A2M and Pivot_A2M (the suffix "A2M" stands for Attributes to Measures). Obviously, the resulting VTL data structure is, in general, multi-measure and does not contain Attributes.
269	269
270		-Attributes.
271		-
272	272	The Basic_A2M and Pivot_A2M behaves respectively like the Basic and Pivot methods, except that the final VTL components, which according to the Basic and Pivot methods would have had the role of Attribute, assume instead the role of Measure.
273	273
274	274	Proper VTL features allow changing the role of specific attributes even after the SDMX to VTL mapping: they can be useful when only some of the DataAttributes need to be managed as VTL Measures.
...	...	@@ -285,11 +285,12 @@
285	285
286	286	Mapping table:
287	287
288		-|**VTL**|**SDMX**
289		-|(Simple) Identifier|Dimension
290		-|(Time) Identifier|TimeDimension
291		-|Measure|Measure
292		-|Attribute|DataAttribute
	283	+(% style="width:470.294px" %)
	284	+|(% style="width:262px" %)**VTL**|(% style="width:205px" %)**SDMX**
	285	+|(% style="width:262px" %)(Simple) Identifier|(% style="width:205px" %)Dimension
	286	+|(% style="width:262px" %)(Time) Identifier|(% style="width:205px" %)TimeDimension
	287	+|(% style="width:262px" %)Measure|(% style="width:205px" %)Measure
	288	+|(% style="width:262px" %)Attribute|(% style="width:205px" %)DataAttribute
293	293
294	294	If the distinction between simple identifier and time identifier is not maintained in the VTL environment, the classification between Dimension and TimeDimension exists only in SDMX, as declared in the relevant DataStructureDefinition.
295	295
...	...	@@ -317,11 +317,12 @@
317	317
318	318	The summary mapping table of the **unpivot** mapping method is the following:
319	319
320		-|**VTL**|**SDMX**
321		-|(Simple) Identifier|Dimension
322		-|(Time) Identifier|TimeDimension
323		-|All Measure Components|MeasureDimension (having one Code for each VTL measure component) & one Measure
324		-|Attribute|DataAttribute depending on all SDMX Dimensions including the TimeDimension and except the MeasureDimension
	316	+(% style="width:638.294px" %)
	317	+|(% style="width:200px" %)**VTL**|(% style="width:435px" %)**SDMX**
	318	+|(% style="width:200px" %)(Simple) Identifier|(% style="width:435px" %)Dimension
	319	+|(% style="width:200px" %)(Time) Identifier|(% style="width:435px" %)TimeDimension
	320	+|(% style="width:200px" %)All Measure Components|(% style="width:435px" %)MeasureDimension (having one Code for each VTL measure component) & one Measure
	321	+|(% style="width:200px" %)Attribute|(% style="width:435px" %)DataAttribute depending on all SDMX Dimensions including the TimeDimension and except the MeasureDimension
325	325
326	326	At observation / data point level:
327	327
...	...	@@ -343,12 +343,13 @@
343	343
344	344	The mapping table is the following:
345	345
346		-|VTL|SDMX
347		-|(Simple) Identifier|Dimension
348		-|(Time) Identifier|TimeDimension
349		-|Some Measures|Measure
350		-|Other Measures|DataAttribute
351		-|Attribute|DataAttribute
	343	+(% style="width:467.294px" %)
	344	+|(% style="width:214px" %)VTL|(% style="width:250px" %)SDMX
	345	+|(% style="width:214px" %)(Simple) Identifier|(% style="width:250px" %)Dimension
	346	+|(% style="width:214px" %)(Time) Identifier|(% style="width:250px" %)TimeDimension
	347	+|(% style="width:214px" %)Some Measures|(% style="width:250px" %)Measure
	348	+|(% style="width:214px" %)Other Measures|(% style="width:250px" %)DataAttribute
	349	+|(% style="width:214px" %)Attribute|(% style="width:250px" %)DataAttribute
352	352
353	353	Even in this case, the resulting SDMX definitions must be compliant with the SDMX consistency rules. For example, the SDMX DSD must have the attributeRelationship for the DataAttributes, which does not exist in VTL.
354	354
...	...	@@ -386,11 +386,11 @@
386	386
387	387	Therefore, the generic name of this kind of VTL datasets would be:
388	388
389		-'DF(1.0.0)/INDICATORvalue.COUNTRYvalue'
	387	+> 'DF(1.0.0)/INDICATORvalue.COUNTRYvalue'
390	390
391	391	Where DF(1.0.0) is the Dataflow and //INDICATORvalue// and //COUNTRYvalue //are placeholders for one value of the INDICATOR and COUNTRY dimensions. Instead the specific name of one of these VTL datasets would be:
392	392
393		-‘DF(1.0.0)/POPULATION.USA’
	391	+> ‘DF(1.0.0)/POPULATION.USA’
394	394
395	395	In particular, this is the VTL dataset that contains all the observations of the Dataflow DF(1.0.0) for which //INDICATOR// = POPULATION and //COUNTRY// = USA.
396	396
...	...	@@ -404,26 +404,22 @@
404	404
405	405	SDMX Dataflow having INDICATOR=//INDICATORvalue //and COUNTRY=// COUNTRYvalue//. For example, the VTL dataset ‘DF1(1.0.0)/POPULATION.USA’ would contain all the observations of DF1(1.0.0) having INDICATOR = POPULATION and COUNTRY = USA.
406	406
407		-In order to obtain the data structure of these VTL Data Sets from the SDMX one, it is assumed that the SDMX DimensionComponents on which the mapping is based are dropped, i.e. not maintained in the VTL data structure; this is possible because their values are fixed for each one of the invoked VTL Data Sets{{footnote}}If these DimensionComponents would not be dropped, the various VTL Data Sets resulting from this kind of mapping would have non-matching values for the Identifiers corresponding to the mapping Dimensions (e.g. POPULATION and COUNTRY). As a consequence, taking into account that the typical binary VTL operations at dataset level (+, -, *, / and so on) are executed on the observations having matching values for the identifiers, it would not be possible to compose the resulting VTL datasets one another (e.g. it would not be possible to calculate the population ratio between USA and CANADA).{{/footnote}}. After that, the mapping method from SDMX to VTL specified for the Dataflow DF1(1.0.0) is applied (i.e.
	405	+In order to obtain the data structure of these VTL Data Sets from the SDMX one, it is assumed that the SDMX DimensionComponents on which the mapping is based are dropped, i.e. not maintained in the VTL data structure; this is possible because their values are fixed for each one of the invoked VTL Data Sets{{footnote}}If these DimensionComponents would not be dropped, the various VTL Data Sets resulting from this kind of mapping would have non-matching values for the Identifiers corresponding to the mapping Dimensions (e.g. POPULATION and COUNTRY). As a consequence, taking into account that the typical binary VTL operations at dataset level (+, -, *, / and so on) are executed on the observations having matching values for the identifiers, it would not be possible to compose the resulting VTL datasets one another (e.g. it would not be possible to calculate the population ratio between USA and CANADA).{{/footnote}}. After that, the mapping method from SDMX to VTL specified for the Dataflow DF1(1.0.0) is applied (i.e. basic, pivot …).
408	408
409		-basic, pivot …).
410		-
411	411	In the example above, for all the datasets of the kind
412	412
413		-‘DF1(1.0.0)///INDICATORvalue//.//COUNTRYvalue//’, the dimensions INDICATOR and COUNTRY would be dropped so that the data structure of all the resulting VTL Data Sets would have the identifier TIME_PERIOD only.
	409	+> ‘DF1(1.0.0)///INDICATORvalue//.//COUNTRYvalue//’, the dimensions INDICATOR and COUNTRY would be dropped so that the data structure of all the resulting VTL Data Sets would have the identifier TIME_PERIOD only.
414	414
415	415	It should be noted that the desired VTL Data Sets (i.e. of the kind ‘DF1(1.0.0)/// INDICATORvalue//.//COUNTRYvalue//’) can be obtained also by applying the VTL operator “**sub**” (subspace) to the Dataflow DF1(1.0.0), like in the following VTL expression:
416	416
417		-‘DF1(1.0.0)/POPULATION.USA’ :=
	413	+> ‘DF1(1.0.0)/POPULATION.USA’ :=
	414	+> DF1(1.0.0) [ sub INDICATOR=“POPULATION”, COUNTRY=“USA” ];
	415	+>
	416	+> ‘DF1(1.0.0)/POPULATION.CANADA’ :=
	417	+> DF1(1.0.0) [ sub INDICATOR=“POPULATION”, COUNTRY=“CANADA” ];
	418	+>
	419	+> … … …
418	418
419		-DF1(1.0.0) [ sub INDICATOR=“POPULATION”, COUNTRY=“USA” ];
420		-
421		-‘DF1(1.0.0)/POPULATION.CANADA’ :=
422		-
423		-DF1(1.0.0) [ sub INDICATOR=“POPULATION”, COUNTRY=“CANADA” ];
424		-
425		-… … …
426		-
427	427	In fact the VTL operator “sub” has exactly the same behaviour. Therefore, mapping different parts of a SDMX Dataflow to different VTL Data Sets in the direction from SDMX to VTL through the ordered concatenation notation is equivalent to a proper use of the operator “**sub**” on such a Dataflow.{{footnote}}In case the ordered concatenation notation is used, the VTL Transformation described above, e.g. ‘DF1(1.0)/POPULATION.USA’ := DF1(1.0) [ sub INDICATOR=“POPULATION”, COUNTRY=“USA”], is implicitly executed. In order to test the overall compliance of the VTL program to the VTL consistency rules, it has to be considered as part of the VTL program even if it is not explicitly coded.{{/footnote}}
428	428
429	429	In the direction from SDMX to VTL it is allowed to omit the value of one or more DimensionComponents on which the mapping is based, but maintaining all the separating dots (therefore it may happen to find two or more consecutive dots and dots in the beginning or in the end). The absence of value means that for the corresponding Dimension all the values are kept and the Dimension is not dropped.
...	...	@@ -432,10 +432,9 @@
432	432
433	433	This is equivalent to the application of the VTL “sub” operator only to the identifier //INDICATOR//:
434	434
435		-‘DF1(1.0.0)/POPULATION.’ :=
	429	+> ‘DF1(1.0.0)/POPULATION.’ :=
	430	+> DF1(1.0.0) [ sub INDICATOR=“POPULATION” ];
436	436
437		-DF1(1.0.0) [ sub INDICATOR=“POPULATION” ];
438		-
439	439	Therefore the VTL Data Set ‘DF1(1.0.0)/POPULATION.’ would have the identifiers COUNTRY and TIME_PERIOD.
440	440
441	441	Heterogeneous invocations of the same Dataflow are allowed, i.e. omitting different Dimensions in different invocations.
...	...	@@ -453,41 +453,38 @@
453	453
454	454	The corresponding VTL Transformations, assuming that the result needs to be persistent, would be of this kind:{{footnote}}the symbol of the VTL persistent assignment is used (<-){{/footnote}}
455	455
456		-‘DF2(1.0.0)/INDICATORvalue.COUNTRYvalue’ <- expression
	449	+> ‘DF2(1.0.0)/INDICATORvalue.COUNTRYvalue’ <- expression
457	457
458	458	Some examples follow, for some specific values of INDICATOR and COUNTRY:
459	459
460		-‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.USA’ <- expression11; ‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.CANADA’ <- expression12;
461		-… … …
	453	+> ‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.USA’ <- expression11; ‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.CANADA’ <- expression12;
	454	+> … … …
	455	+> ‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.USA’ <- expression21;
	456	+> ‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.CANADA’ <- expression22;
	457	+> … … …
462	462
463		-‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.USA’ <- expression21;
464		-‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.CANADA’ <- expression22;
465		-… … …
466		-
467	467	As said, it is assumed that these VTL derived Data Sets have the TIME_PERIOD as the only identifier. In the mapping from VTL to SMDX, the Dimensions INDICATOR and COUNTRY are added to the VTL data structure on order to obtain the SDMX one, with the following values respectively:
468	468
469	469	VTL dataset   INDICATOR value COUNTRY value
470	470
471		-‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.USA’ GDPPERCAPITA USA
472		-‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.CANADA’ GDPPERCAPITA CANADA … … …
473		-‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.USA’  POPGROWTH USA
474		-‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.CANADA’ POPGROWTH CANADA
	463	+> ‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.USA’ GDPPERCAPITA USA
	464	+> ‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.CANADA’ GDPPERCAPITA CANADA … … …
	465	+> ‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.USA’  POPGROWTH USA
	466	+> ‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.CANADA’ POPGROWTH CANADA
	467	+> … … …
475	475
476		-… … …
477		-
478	478	It should be noted that the application of this many-to-one mapping from VTL to SDMX is equivalent to an appropriate sequence of VTL Transformations. These use the VTL operator “calc” to add the proper VTL identifiers (in the example, INDICATOR and COUNTRY) and to assign to them the proper values and the operator “union” in order to obtain the final VTL dataset (in the example DF2(1.0.0)), that can be mapped oneto-one to the homonymous SDMX Dataflow. Following the same example, these VTL Transformations would be:
479	479
480		-DF2bis_GDPPERCAPITA_USA := ‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.USA’ [calc identifier INDICATOR := ”GDPPERCAPITA”, identifier COUNTRY := ”USA”];
481		-DF2bis_GDPPERCAPITA_CANADA := ‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.CANADA’ [calc identifier INDICATOR:=”GDPPERCAPITA”, identifier COUNTRY:=”CANADA”]; … … …
482		-DF2bis_POPGROWTH_USA := ‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.USA’
483		-[calc identifier INDICATOR := ”POPGROWTH”, identifier COUNTRY := ”USA”];
484		-DF2bis_POPGROWTH_CANADA’ := ‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.CANADA’ [calc identifier INDICATOR := ”POPGROWTH”, identifier COUNTRY := ”CANADA”]; … … …
485		-DF2(1.0) <- UNION  (DF2bis_GDPPERCAPITA_USA’,
486		-DF2bis_GDPPERCAPITA_CANADA’,
487		-… ,
488		-DF2bis_POPGROWTH_USA’,
489		-DF2bis_POPGROWTH_CANADA’
490		-…);
	471	+> DF2bis_GDPPERCAPITA_USA := ‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.USA’ [calc identifier INDICATOR := ”GDPPERCAPITA”, identifier COUNTRY := ”USA”];
	472	+> DF2bis_GDPPERCAPITA_CANADA := ‘DF2(1.0.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.CANADA’ [calc identifier INDICATOR:=”GDPPERCAPITA”, identifier COUNTRY:=”CANADA”]; … … …
	473	+> DF2bis_POPGROWTH_USA := ‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.USA’  [calc identifier INDICATOR := ”POPGROWTH”, identifier COUNTRY := ”USA”];
	474	+> DF2bis_POPGROWTH_CANADA’ := ‘DF2(1.0.0)/POPGROWTH.CANADA’ [calc identifier INDICATOR := ”POPGROWTH”, identifier COUNTRY := ”CANADA”]; … … …
	475	+> DF2(1.0) <- UNION  (DF2bis_GDPPERCAPITA_USA’,
	476	+> DF2bis_GDPPERCAPITA_CANADA’,
	477	+> … ,
	478	+> DF2bis_POPGROWTH_USA’,
	479	+> DF2bis_POPGROWTH_CANADA’
	480	+> …);
491	491
492	492	In other words, starting from the datasets explicitly calculated through VTL (in the example ‘DF2(1.0)/GDPPERCAPITA.USA’ and so on), the first step consists in calculating other (non-persistent) VTL datasets (in the example DF2bis_GDPPERCAPITA_USA and so on) by adding the identifiers INDICATOR and COUNTRY with the desired values (//INDICATORvalue// and //COUNTRYvalue)//. Finally, all these non-persistent Data Sets are united and give the final result DF2(1.0){{footnote}}The result is persistent in this example but it can be also non persistent if needed.{{/footnote}}, which can be mapped one-to-one to the homonymous SDMX Dataflow having the dimension components TIME_PERIOD, INDICATOR and COUNTRY.
493	493
...	...	@@ -499,25 +499,26 @@
499	499
500	500	With reference to the VTL “model for Variables and Value domains”, the following additional mappings have to be considered:
501	501
502		-|VTL|SDMX
503		-|**Data Set Component**|Although this abstraction exists in SDMX, it does not have an explicit definition and correspond to a Component (either a DimensionComponent or a Measure or a DataAttribute) belonging to one specific Dataflow^^43^^
504		-|**Represented Variable**|**Concept** with a definite Representation
505		-|**Value Domain**|(((
	492	+(% style="width:706.294px" %)
	493	+|(% style="width:257px" %)VTL|(% style="width:446px" %)SDMX
	494	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Data Set Component**|(% style="width:446px" %)Although this abstraction exists in SDMX, it does not have an explicit definition and correspond to a Component (either a DimensionComponent or a Measure or a DataAttribute) belonging to one specific Dataflow^^43^^
	495	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Represented Variable**|(% style="width:446px" %)**Concept** with a definite Representation
	496	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Value Domain**|(% style="width:446px" %)(((
506	506	**Representation** (see the Structure
507	507	Pattern in the Base Package)
508	508	)))
509		-|**Enumerated Value Domain / Code List**|**Codelist**
510		-|**Code**|**Code** (for enumerated DimensionComponent, Measure, DataAttribute)
511		-|**Described Value Domain**|(((
	500	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Enumerated Value Domain / Code List**|(% style="width:446px" %)**Codelist**
	501	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Code**|(% style="width:446px" %)**Code** (for enumerated DimensionComponent, Measure, DataAttribute)
	502	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Described Value Domain**|(% style="width:446px" %)(((
512	512	non-enumerated** Representation**
513	513	(having Facets / ExtendedFacets, see the Structure Pattern in the Base Package)
514	514	)))
515		-|**Value**|Although this abstraction exists in SDMX, it does not have an explicit definition and correspond to a **Code** of a Codelist (for enumerated Representations) or
516		-| |to a valid **value **(for non-enumerated** **Representations)
517		-|**Value Domain Subset / Set**|This abstraction does not exist in SDMX
518		-|**Enumerated Value Domain Subset / Enumerated Set**|This abstraction does not exist in SDMX
519		-|**Described Value Domain Subset / Described Set**|This abstraction does not exist in SDMX
520		-|**Set list**|This abstraction does not exist in SDMX
	506	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Value**|(% style="width:446px" %)Although this abstraction exists in SDMX, it does not have an explicit definition and correspond to a **Code** of a Codelist (for enumerated Representations) or
	507	+|(% style="width:257px" %) |(% style="width:446px" %)to a valid **value **(for non-enumerated** **Representations)
	508	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Value Domain Subset / Set**|(% style="width:446px" %)This abstraction does not exist in SDMX
	509	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Enumerated Value Domain Subset / Enumerated Set**|(% style="width:446px" %)This abstraction does not exist in SDMX
	510	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Described Value Domain Subset / Described Set**|(% style="width:446px" %)This abstraction does not exist in SDMX
	511	+|(% style="width:257px" %)**Set list**|(% style="width:446px" %)This abstraction does not exist in SDMX
521	521
522	522	The main difference between VTL and SDMX relies on the fact that the VTL artefacts for defining subsets of Value Domains do not exist in SDMX, therefore the VTL features for referring to predefined subsets are not available in SDMX. These artefacts are the Value Domain Subset (or Set), either enumerated or described, the Set List (list of values belonging to enumerated subsets) and the Data Set Component (aimed at defining the set of values that the Component of a Data Set can take, possibly a subset of the codes of Value Domain).
523	523
...	...	@@ -525,8 +525,10 @@
525	525
526	526	Therefore, it is important to be aware that some VTL operations (for example the binary operations at data set level) are consistent only if the components having the same names in the operated VTL Data Sets have also the same representation (i.e. the same Value Domain as for VTL). For example, it is possible to obtain correct results from the VTL expression
527	527
528		-DS_c := DS_a + DS_b (where DS_a, DS_b, DS_c are VTL Data Sets) if the matching components in DS_a and DS_b (e.g. ref_date, geo_area, sector …) refer to the same general representation. In simpler words, DS_a and DS_b must use the same values/codes (for ref_date, geo_area, sector … ), otherwise the relevant values would not match and the result of the operation would be wrong.
	519	+> DS_c := DS_a + DS_b (where DS_a, DS_b, DS_c are VTL Data Sets)
529	529
	521	+if the matching components in DS_a and DS_b (e.g. ref_date, geo_area, sector …) refer to the same general representation. In simpler words, DS_a and DS_b must use the same values/codes (for ref_date, geo_area, sector … ), otherwise the relevant values would not match and the result of the operation would be wrong.
	522	+
530	530	As mentioned, the property above is not enforced by construction in SDMX, and different representations of the same Concept can be not compatible one another (for example, it may happen that geo_area is represented by ISO-alpha-3 codes in DS_a and by ISO alpha-2 codes in DS_b). Therefore, it will be up to the definer of VTL
531	531
532	532	Transformations to ensure that the VTL expressions are consistent with the actual representations of the correspondent SDMX Concepts.
...	...	@@ -541,8 +541,9 @@
541	541
542	542	The VTL data types are sub-divided in scalar types (like integers, strings, etc.), which are the types of the scalar values, and compound types (like Data Sets, Components, Rulesets, etc.), which are the types of the compound structures. See below the diagram of the VTL data types, taken from the VTL User Manual:
543	543
544		-[[image:1750067055028-964.png]]
545	545
	538	+[[image:1750070288958-132.png]]
	539	+
546	546	**Figure 22 – VTL Data Types**
547	547
548	548	The VTL scalar types are in turn subdivided in basic scalar types, which are elementary (not defined in term of other data types) and Value Domain and Set scalar types, which are defined in terms of the basic scalar types.

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