Changes for page 12 Validation and Transformation Language (VTL)

Last modified by Artur on 2025/09/10 11:19

From 1.16 to 1.17 From 1.24 to 1.25

From version 1.17

edited by Helena
on 2025/06/16 13:20

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To version 1.24

edited by Helena
on 2025/06/16 13:29

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@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@
  For example, by using the URN, the VTL Transformation that sums two SDMX Dataflows DF1 and DF2 and assigns the result to a third persistent Dataflow DFR, assuming that DF1, DF2 and DFR are the maintainedobject-id of the three Dataflows, that their version is 1.0.0 and their Agency is AG, would be written as{{footnote}}Since these references to SDMX objects include non-permitted characters as per the VTL ID notation, they need to be included between single quotes, according to the VTL rules for irregular names.{{/footnote}}:
-->(% style="font-size:16px" %) 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DFR(1.0.0)' <-
-->(% style="font-size:16px" %) 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF1(1.0.0)' +
-->(% style="font-size:16px" %) 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF2(1.0.0)'
++> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DFR(1.0.0)' <-
++> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF1(1.0.0)' +
++> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF2(1.0.0)'
  === 12.2.3 Abbreviation of the URN ===
@@ -110,51 +110,47 @@
  For example, the full formulation that uses the complete URN shown at the end of the previous paragraph:
--'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DFR(1.0.0)' :=
++> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DFR(1.0.0)' :=
++> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF1(1.0.0)' +
++> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF2(1.0.0)'
--'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF1(1.0.0)' +
--
--'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.Dataflow=AG:DF2(1.0.0)'
--
  by omitting all the non-essential parts would become simply:
--DFR := DF1 + DF2
++> DFR   : =  DF1 + DF2
  The references to the Codelists can be simplified similarly. For example, given the non-abbreviated reference to the Codelist AG:CL_FREQ(1.0.0), which is{{footnote}}Single quotes are needed because this reference is not a VTL regular name. 19 Single quotes are not needed in this case because CL_FREQ is a VTL regular name.{{/footnote}}:
--'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.codelist.Codelist=AG:CL_FREQ(1.0.0)'
++> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.codelist.Codelist=AG:CL_FREQ(1.0.0)'
  if the Codelist is referenced from a RulesetScheme belonging to the agency AG, omitting all the optional parts, the abbreviated reference would become simply^^19^^:
--CL_FREQ
++> CL_FREQ
  As for the references to the components, it can be enough to specify the componentId, given that the dataStructure-Id can be omitted. An example of non-abbreviated reference, if the data structure is DST1 and the component is SECTOR, is the following:
--'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.DataStructure=AG:DST1(1.0.0).S
++> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.datastructure.DataStructure=AG:DST1(1.0.0).S ECTOR'
--ECTOR'
--
  The corresponding fully abbreviated reference, if made from a TransformationScheme belonging to AG, would become simply:
--SECTOR
++> SECTOR
  For example, the Transformation for renaming the component SECTOR of the Dataflow DF1 into SEC can be written as{{footnote}}The result DFR(1.0.0) is be equal to DF1(1.0.0) save that the component SECTOR is called SEC{{/footnote}}:
--'DFR(1.0.0)' := 'DF1(1.0.0)' [rename SECTOR to SEC]
++> 'DFR(1.0.0)' := 'DF1(1.0.0)' [rename SECTOR to SEC]
  In the references to the Concepts, which can exist for example in the definition of the VTL Rulesets, at least the conceptScheme-id and the concept-id must be specified.
  An example of non-abbreviated reference, if the conceptScheme-id is CS1 and the concept-id is SECTOR, is the following:
--'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.conceptscheme.Concept=AG:CS1(1.0.0).SECTOR'
++> 'urn:sdmx:org.sdmx.infomodel.conceptscheme.Concept=AG:CS1(1.0.0).SECTOR'
  The corresponding fully abbreviated reference, if made from a RulesetScheme belonging to AG, would become simply:
--CS1(1.0.0).SECTOR
++> CS1(1.0.0).SECTOR
  The Codes and in general all the Values can be written without any other specification, for example, the transformation to check if the values of the measures of the Dataflow DF1 are between 0 and 25000 can be written like follows:
--'DFR(1.0.0)' := between ( 'DF1(1.0.0)', 0, 25000 )
++> 'DFR(1.0.0)' := between ( 'DF1(1.0.0)', 0, 25000 )
  The artefact (Component, Concept, Codelist …) which the Values are referred to can be deduced from the context in which the reference is made, taking also into account the VTL syntax. In the Transformation above, for example, the values 0 and 2500 are compared to the values of the measures of DF1(1.0.0).
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
  The possible mapping options are described in more detail in the following sections.
--=== 12.3.2 Mapping from SDMX to VTL data structures ===
++=== 12.3.3 Mapping from SDMX to VTL data structures ===
  ==== 12.3.3.1 Basic Mapping ====
@@ -210,11 +210,12 @@
  When transforming **from SDMX to VTL**, this method consists in leaving the components unchanged and maintaining their names and roles, according to the following table:
--|**SDMX**|**VTL**
--|Dimension|(Simple) Identifier
--|TimeDimension|(Time) Identifier
--|Measure|Measure
--|DataAttribute|Attribute
++(% style="width:468.294px" %)
++|(% style="width:196px" %)**SDMX**|(% style="width:269px" %)**VTL**
++|(% style="width:196px" %)Dimension|(% style="width:269px" %)(Simple) Identifier
++|(% style="width:196px" %)TimeDimension|(% style="width:269px" %)(Time) Identifier
++|(% style="width:196px" %)Measure|(% style="width:269px" %)Measure
++|(% style="width:196px" %)DataAttribute|(% style="width:269px" %)Attribute
  The SDMX DataAttributes, in VTL they are all considered "at data point / observation level" (i.e. dependent on all the VTL Identifiers), because VTL does not have the SDMX AttributeRelationships, which defines the construct to which the DataAttribute is related (e.g. observation, dimension or set or group of dimensions, whole data set).
@@ -224,10 +224,8 @@
  An alternative mapping method from SDMX to VTL is the **Pivot **mapping, which makes sense and is different from the Basic method only for the SDMX data structures that contain a Dimension that plays the role of measure dimension (like in SDMX 2.1) and just one Measure. Through this method, these structures can be mapped to multimeasure VTL data structures. Besides that, a user may choose to use any Dimension acting as a list of Measures (e.g., a Dimension with indicators), either by considering the “Measure” role of a Dimension, or at will using any coded Dimension. Of course, in SDMX 3.0, this can only work when only one Measure is defined in the DSD.
--In SDMX 2.1 the MeasureDimension was a subclass of DimensionComponent like Dimension and TimeDimension. In the current SDMX version, this subclass does not exist anymore, however a Dimension can have the role of measure dimension (i.e. a Dimension that contributes to the identification of the measures). In SDMX 2.1 a DataStructure could have zero or one MeasureDimensions, in the current version of the standard, from zero to many Dimension may have the role of measure dimension. Hereinafter a Dimension that plays the role of measure dimension is referenced for simplicity as “MeasureDimension“, i.e. maintaining the capital letters and the courier font even if the MeasureDimension is not anymore a class in the SDMX Information Model of the current SDMX version. For the sake of simplicity, the description below considers just one Dimension having the role of MeasureDimension (i.e., the more simple and common case). Nevertheless, it maintains its validity also if in the DataStructure there are more dimension with the role of MeasureDimensions: in this case what is said about the MeasureDimension must be applied to the combination of all the
++In SDMX 2.1 the MeasureDimension was a subclass of DimensionComponent like Dimension and TimeDimension. In the current SDMX version, this subclass does not exist anymore, however a Dimension can have the role of measure dimension (i.e. a Dimension that contributes to the identification of the measures). In SDMX 2.1 a DataStructure could have zero or one MeasureDimensions, in the current version of the standard, from zero to many Dimension may have the role of measure dimension. Hereinafter a Dimension that plays the role of measure dimension is referenced for simplicity as “MeasureDimension“, i.e. maintaining the capital letters and the courier font even if the MeasureDimension is not anymore a class in the SDMX Information Model of the current SDMX version. For the sake of simplicity, the description below considers just one Dimension having the role of MeasureDimension (i.e., the more simple and common case). Nevertheless, it maintains its validity also if in the DataStructure there are more dimension with the role of MeasureDimensions: in this case what is said about the MeasureDimension must be applied to the combination of all the MeasureDimensions considered as a joint variable{{footnote}}E.g., if in the data structure there exist 3 Dimensions C,D,E having the role of MeasureDimension, they should be considered as a joint MeasureDimension Z=(C,D,E); therefore when the description says “each possible value Cj of the MeasureDimension …” it means “each possible combination of values (Cj, Dk, Ew) of the joint MeasureDimension Z=(C,D,E)”.{{/footnote}}.
--MeasureDimensions considered as a joint variable{{footnote}}E.g., if in the data structure there exist 3 Dimensions C,D,E having the role of MeasureDimension, they should be considered as a joint MeasureDimension Z=(C,D,E); therefore when the description says “each possible value Cj of the MeasureDimension …” it means “each possible combination of values (Cj, Dk, Ew) of the joint MeasureDimension Z=(C,D,E)”.{{/footnote}}.
--
  Among other things, the Pivot method provides also backward compatibility with the SDMX 2.1 data structures that contained a MeasureDimension.
  If applied to SDMX structures that do not contain any MeasureDimension, this method behaves like the Basic mapping (see the previous paragraph).
@@ -240,16 +240,18 @@
  * The SDMX Measure is not mapped to VTL as well (it disappears in the VTL Data Structure);
  * An SDMX DataAttribute is mapped in different ways according to its AttributeRelationship:
  ** If, according to the SDMX AttributeRelationship, the values of the DataAttribute do not depend on the values of the MeasureDimension, the SDMX DataAttribute becomes a VTL Attribute having the same name. This happens if the AttributeRelationship is not specified (i.e. the DataAttribute does not depend on any DimensionComponent and therefore is at data set level), or if it refers to a set (or a group) of dimensions which does not include the MeasureDimension;
--** Otherwise, if, according to the SDMX AttributeRelationship, the values of the DataAttribute depend on the MeasureDimension, the SDMX DataAttribute is mapped to one VTL Attribute for each possible Code of the SDMX MeasureDimension. By default, the names of the VTL Attributes are obtained by concatenating the name of the SDMX DataAttribute and the names of the correspondent Code of the MeasureDimension separated by underscore. For example, if the SDMX DataAttribute is named DA and the possible Codes of the SDMX MeasureDimension are named C1, C2, …, Cn, then the corresponding VTL Attributes will be named DA_C1, DA_C2, …, DA_Cn (if different names are desired, they can be achieved afterwards by renaming the Attributes through VTL operators). o Like in the Basic mapping, the resulting VTL Attributes are considered as dependent on all the VTL identifiers (i.e. "at data point / observation level"), because VTL does not have the SDMX notion of Attribute Relationship.
++** Otherwise, if, according to the SDMX AttributeRelationship, the values of the DataAttribute depend on the MeasureDimension, the SDMX DataAttribute is mapped to one VTL Attribute for each possible Code of the SDMX MeasureDimension. By default, the names of the VTL Attributes are obtained by concatenating the name of the SDMX DataAttribute and the names of the correspondent Code of the MeasureDimension separated by underscore. For example, if the SDMX DataAttribute is named DA and the possible Codes of the SDMX MeasureDimension are named C1, C2, …, Cn, then the corresponding VTL Attributes will be named DA_C1, DA_C2, …, DA_Cn (if different names are desired, they can be achieved afterwards by renaming the Attributes through VTL operators).
++** Like in the Basic mapping, the resulting VTL Attributes are considered as dependent on all the VTL identifiers (i.e. "at data point / observation level"), because VTL does not have the SDMX notion of Attribute Relationship.
  The summary mapping table of the "pivot" mapping from SDMX to VTL for the SDMX data structures that contain a MeasureDimension is the following:
--|**SDMX**|**VTL**
--|Dimension|(Simple) Identifier
--|TimeDimension|(Time) Identifier
--|MeasureDimension & one Measure|One Measure for each Code of the SDMX MeasureDimension
--|DataAttribute not depending on the MeasureDimension|Attribute
--|DataAttribute depending on the MeasureDimension|(((
++(% style="width:739.294px" %)
++|(% style="width:335px" %)**SDMX**|(% style="width:400px" %)**VTL**
++|(% style="width:335px" %)Dimension|(% style="width:400px" %)(Simple) Identifier
++|(% style="width:335px" %)TimeDimension|(% style="width:400px" %)(Time) Identifier
++|(% style="width:335px" %)MeasureDimension & one Measure|(% style="width:400px" %)One Measure for each Code of the SDMX MeasureDimension
++|(% style="width:335px" %)DataAttribute not depending on the MeasureDimension|(% style="width:400px" %)Attribute
++|(% style="width:335px" %)DataAttribute depending on the MeasureDimension|(% style="width:400px" %)(((
  One Attribute for each Code of the
  SDMX MeasureDimension
  )))
@@ -259,19 +259,14 @@
  At observation / data point level, calling Cj (j=1, … n) the j^^th^^ Code of the MeasureDimension:
  * The set of SDMX observations having the same values for all the Dimensions except than the MeasureDimension become one multi-measure VTL Data Point, having one Measure for each Code Cj of the SDMX MeasureDimension;
--* The values of the SDMX simple Dimensions, TimeDimension and DataAttributes not depending on the MeasureDimension (these components by definition have always the same values for all the observations of the set above) become the values of the corresponding VTL (simple)
--
--Identifiers, (time) Identifier and Attributes.
--
++* The values of the SDMX simple Dimensions, TimeDimension and DataAttributes not depending on the MeasureDimension (these components by definition have always the same values for all the observations of the set above) become the values of the corresponding VTL (simple) Identifiers, (time) Identifier and Attributes.
  * The value of the Measure of the SDMX observation belonging to the set above and having MeasureDimension=Cj becomes the value of the VTL Measure Cj
  * For the SDMX DataAttributes depending on the MeasureDimension, the value of the DataAttribute DA of the SDMX observation belonging to the set above and having MeasureDimension=Cj becomes the value of the VTL Attribute DA_Cj
  ==== 12.3.3.3 From SDMX DataAttributes to VTL Measures ====
--* In some cases, it may happen that the DataAttributes of the SDMX DataStructure need to be managed as Measures in VTL. Therefore, a variant of both the methods above consists in transforming all the SDMX DataAttributes in VTL Measures. When DataAttributes are converted to Measures, the two methods above are called Basic_A2M and Pivot_A2M (the suffix "A2M" stands for Attributes to Measures). Obviously, the resulting VTL data structure is, in general, multi-measure and does not contain
++* In some cases, it may happen that the DataAttributes of the SDMX DataStructure need to be managed as Measures in VTL. Therefore, a variant of both the methods above consists in transforming all the SDMX DataAttributes in VTL Measures. When DataAttributes are converted to Measures, the two methods above are called Basic_A2M and Pivot_A2M (the suffix "A2M" stands for Attributes to Measures). Obviously, the resulting VTL data structure is, in general, multi-measure and does not contain Attributes.
--Attributes.
--
  The Basic_A2M and Pivot_A2M behaves respectively like the Basic and Pivot methods, except that the final VTL components, which according to the Basic and Pivot methods would have had the role of Attribute, assume instead the role of Measure.
  Proper VTL features allow changing the role of specific attributes even after the SDMX to VTL mapping: they can be useful when only some of the DataAttributes need to be managed as VTL Measures.
@@ -288,11 +288,12 @@
  Mapping table:
--|**VTL**|**SDMX**
--|(Simple) Identifier|Dimension
--|(Time) Identifier|TimeDimension
--|Measure|Measure
--|Attribute|DataAttribute
++(% style="width:470.294px" %)
++|(% style="width:262px" %)**VTL**|(% style="width:205px" %)**SDMX**
++|(% style="width:262px" %)(Simple) Identifier|(% style="width:205px" %)Dimension
++|(% style="width:262px" %)(Time) Identifier|(% style="width:205px" %)TimeDimension
++|(% style="width:262px" %)Measure|(% style="width:205px" %)Measure
++|(% style="width:262px" %)Attribute|(% style="width:205px" %)DataAttribute
  If the distinction between simple identifier and time identifier is not maintained in the VTL environment, the classification between Dimension and TimeDimension exists only in SDMX, as declared in the relevant DataStructureDefinition.
@@ -320,11 +320,12 @@
  The summary mapping table of the **unpivot** mapping method is the following:
--|**VTL**|**SDMX**
--|(Simple) Identifier|Dimension
--|(Time) Identifier|TimeDimension
--|All Measure Components|MeasureDimension (having one Code for each VTL measure component) & one Measure
--|Attribute|DataAttribute depending on all SDMX Dimensions including the TimeDimension and except the MeasureDimension
++(% style="width:638.294px" %)
++|(% style="width:200px" %)**VTL**|(% style="width:435px" %)**SDMX**
++|(% style="width:200px" %)(Simple) Identifier|(% style="width:435px" %)Dimension
++|(% style="width:200px" %)(Time) Identifier|(% style="width:435px" %)TimeDimension
++|(% style="width:200px" %)All Measure Components|(% style="width:435px" %)MeasureDimension (having one Code for each VTL measure component) & one Measure
++|(% style="width:200px" %)Attribute|(% style="width:435px" %)DataAttribute depending on all SDMX Dimensions including the TimeDimension and except the MeasureDimension
  At observation / data point level:
@@ -346,12 +346,13 @@
  The mapping table is the following:
--|VTL|SDMX
--|(Simple) Identifier|Dimension
--|(Time) Identifier|TimeDimension
--|Some Measures|Measure
--|Other Measures|DataAttribute
--|Attribute|DataAttribute
++(% style="width:467.294px" %)
++|(% style="width:214px" %)VTL|(% style="width:250px" %)SDMX
++|(% style="width:214px" %)(Simple) Identifier|(% style="width:250px" %)Dimension
++|(% style="width:214px" %)(Time) Identifier|(% style="width:250px" %)TimeDimension
++|(% style="width:214px" %)Some Measures|(% style="width:250px" %)Measure
++|(% style="width:214px" %)Other Measures|(% style="width:250px" %)DataAttribute
++|(% style="width:214px" %)Attribute|(% style="width:250px" %)DataAttribute
  Even in this case, the resulting SDMX definitions must be compliant with the SDMX consistency rules. For example, the SDMX DSD must have the attributeRelationship for the DataAttributes, which does not exist in VTL.
@@ -389,11 +389,11 @@
  Therefore, the generic name of this kind of VTL datasets would be:
--'DF(1.0.0)/INDICATORvalue.COUNTRYvalue'
++> 'DF(1.0.0)/INDICATORvalue.COUNTRYvalue'
  Where DF(1.0.0) is the Dataflow and //INDICATORvalue// and //COUNTRYvalue //are placeholders for one value of the INDICATOR and COUNTRY dimensions. Instead the specific name of one of these VTL datasets would be:
--‘DF(1.0.0)/POPULATION.USA’
++> ‘DF(1.0.0)/POPULATION.USA’
  In particular, this is the VTL dataset that contains all the observations of the Dataflow DF(1.0.0) for which //INDICATOR// = POPULATION and //COUNTRY// = USA.
@@ -407,13 +407,11 @@
  SDMX Dataflow having INDICATOR=//INDICATORvalue //and COUNTRY=// COUNTRYvalue//. For example, the VTL dataset ‘DF1(1.0.0)/POPULATION.USA’ would contain all the observations of DF1(1.0.0) having INDICATOR = POPULATION and COUNTRY = USA.
--In order to obtain the data structure of these VTL Data Sets from the SDMX one, it is assumed that the SDMX DimensionComponents on which the mapping is based are dropped, i.e. not maintained in the VTL data structure; this is possible because their values are fixed for each one of the invoked VTL Data Sets{{footnote}}If these DimensionComponents would not be dropped, the various VTL Data Sets resulting from this kind of mapping would have non-matching values for the Identifiers corresponding to the mapping Dimensions (e.g. POPULATION and COUNTRY). As a consequence, taking into account that the typical binary VTL operations at dataset level (+, -, *, / and so on) are executed on the observations having matching values for the identifiers, it would not be possible to compose the resulting VTL datasets one another (e.g. it would not be possible to calculate the population ratio between USA and CANADA).{{/footnote}}. After that, the mapping method from SDMX to VTL specified for the Dataflow DF1(1.0.0) is applied (i.e.
++In order to obtain the data structure of these VTL Data Sets from the SDMX one, it is assumed that the SDMX DimensionComponents on which the mapping is based are dropped, i.e. not maintained in the VTL data structure; this is possible because their values are fixed for each one of the invoked VTL Data Sets{{footnote}}If these DimensionComponents would not be dropped, the various VTL Data Sets resulting from this kind of mapping would have non-matching values for the Identifiers corresponding to the mapping Dimensions (e.g. POPULATION and COUNTRY). As a consequence, taking into account that the typical binary VTL operations at dataset level (+, -, *, / and so on) are executed on the observations having matching values for the identifiers, it would not be possible to compose the resulting VTL datasets one another (e.g. it would not be possible to calculate the population ratio between USA and CANADA).{{/footnote}}. After that, the mapping method from SDMX to VTL specified for the Dataflow DF1(1.0.0) is applied (i.e. basic, pivot …).
--basic, pivot …).
--
  In the example above, for all the datasets of the kind
--‘DF1(1.0.0)///INDICATORvalue//.//COUNTRYvalue//’, the dimensions INDICATOR and COUNTRY would be dropped so that the data structure of all the resulting VTL Data Sets would have the identifier TIME_PERIOD only.
++> ‘DF1(1.0.0)///INDICATORvalue//.//COUNTRYvalue//’, the dimensions INDICATOR and COUNTRY would be dropped so that the data structure of all the resulting VTL Data Sets would have the identifier TIME_PERIOD only.
  It should be noted that the desired VTL Data Sets (i.e. of the kind ‘DF1(1.0.0)/// INDICATORvalue//.//COUNTRYvalue//’) can be obtained also by applying the VTL operator “**sub**” (subspace) to the Dataflow DF1(1.0.0), like in the following VTL expression: