Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 2.1 (NACE Rev. 2.1) - Section J

This section includes the production and publishing, broadcasting and other distribution of information products.

This section includes: book, newspaper, periodical and software publishing activities (division 58); the production of motion picture, video and television programme elements , sound recording and music publishing activities (division 59); radio and television broadcasting as well as television or radio programme production and distribution activities, including the operation of streaming, downloads and content distribution (sharing) platforms not associated with publishing of the content, the operation of blogs and wiki sites, social network sites and online gaming / video game sites (division 60).

Publishing refers to the acquisition of copyrights to content (information products) and making this content available to the general public by engaging in (or arranging for) the reproduction and distribution of this content in various forms. Publishers may solely publish and then license rights to others to distribute their content, or they may publish and distribute content they create or own. All the feasible forms of publishing (in print, electronic, digital, analogue, or any other form) and self-publishing activities are included in this section.

Individual television programming components (for example, movies, television series) are produced by activities in division 59, while the creation of a complete programme for a television channel, from components produced in division 59 or other components (for example, live news programming), is included in division 60. Division 60 also includes the broadcasting of this programme by the producer.

This division includes the publishing of books, brochures, leaflets, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, atlases, maps and charts; the publishing of newspapers, journals and periodicals; the publishing of directories and mailing lists, and other publishing (including software publishing).

Publishing includes the acquisition of copyrights to content (information products) and making this content available to the general public by engaging in (or arranging for) the reproduction and distribution of this content in various forms. Publishers may license rights to others to distribute their content, or they may publish and distribute content they create or own. All the feasible forms of publishing (in print, digital, analogue, or any other form) and self-publishing activities are included in this division, except publishing of motion pictures and music.

This division covers the streaming of content (for example, software and books), by content publishers.

This group includes activities of publishing books, newspapers, magazines and other periodicals, directories, compilations, mailing lists and other works (for example, catalogues, photographs, calendars, greeting cards, postcards, forms, posters, reproductions of works of art). These works are characterised by the intellectual creativity required in their development and are usually protected by copyright. All the feasible forms of publishing (in print, digital, analogue, or any other form) are included.

This class includes:
- publishing of books, brochures and similar publications
- publishing of dictionaries and encyclopaedias
- publishing of atlases, maps and charts
- publishing of e-books and audiobooks
- publishing of comic books and graphic novels

All the feasible forms of publishing (in print, digital, analogue, or any other form) are included.

This class includes:
- publishing of newspapers

All the feasible forms of publishing (in print, digital, analogue, or any other form) are included.

This class includes:
- publishing of journals and other periodicals
- publishing of radio and television schedules

All the feasible forms of publishing (in print, digital, analogue, or any other form) are included.

This class includes:
- publishing in any format, including print, digital or on the internet, e.g.:
 • directories and mailing lists
 • compilations (e.g. case law, pharmaceutical compendia)
 • catalogues
 • photographs, engravings and postcards
 • calendars
 • greeting cards
 • forms
 • posters
 • reproductions of works of art
 • non-bound leaflets and advertising material
 • statistics and other information
 • datasets/databases without associated data processing services

This group includes the publishing of software (for example, operating systems, business and financial technologies software and applications, video games). Development and continuous updating of self-published video games and software are included here.

This class includes:
- publishing of video games for all platforms and all devices
- provision of online game in-game and in-app purchases by the publisher, for all users, including subscribers

This class includes:
- publishing of other software, including:
 • operating systems
 • business and other applications (e.g. distributed ledger technology (DLT), financial technologies software)
 • cybersecurity software
 • modelling software

This division includes production of theatrical and non-theatrical motion pictures, videos or audiovisual works whether for direct projection in theatres, for broadcasting or streaming; supporting post-production activities (for example film editing, cutting, dubbing or conversion to video streaming formats); distribution of motion pictures and other audiovisual productions to other industries; as well as the projection of motion pictures or other audiovisual productions. Further included is the buying and selling of distribution rights for motion pictures or other audiovisual productions.

This group includes the production of theatrical and non-theatrical motion pictures, videos or audiovisual works, whether on film, hard drive or other digital storage media, associated with digital distribution, for direct projection in theatres or for broadcasting or streaming; supporting post-production activities (for example, film editing, cutting, dubbing or conversion to video streaming formats); distribution of motion pictures or other audiovisual productions to other industries as well as their projection.

This class includes:
- production of motion pictures, videos or audiovisual and television programme elements
- production of advertising films
- production of animated audiovisual works
- production of television or video news programmes
- production of vlogs
- production of video podcasts

This class includes:
- motion picture, video or audiovisual and television programme post-production activities, e.g.:
 • editing, titling, subtitling credits, closed captioning
 • film/tape transfers
 • conversion to video streaming formats
- activities of motion picture film laboratories and activities of special laboratories for animated films:
 • developing and processing motion picture film
 • reproduction of motion picture film for cinema distribution

This class includes:
- acquiring copyrights or distribution rights (e.g. for film and audiovisual works)
- distributing productions (e.g. film and audiovisual works to motion picture theatres, television networks and stations, and exhibitors)

This class includes:
- activities of motion picture or audiovisual projection in cinemas, in open air or other projection venues

This class includes:
- production of original (sound) master recordings, including digital recordings, that are accessible online or via any hard copy
- sound recording service activities, including the production of recorded (i.e. non-live) radio programming, audio podcasts, as well as audio for film, television, books, etc.
- music publishing, i.e. activities of:
 • acquiring and registering copyrights for musical compositions
 • promoting, authorising and using these compositions in recordings, radio, television, motion pictures, live performances, print and other media
 • jointly publishing and distributing sound recordings via streaming and downloads

Releasing, promoting and distributing sound recordings to wholesalers, retailers or directly to the public may include production of master recordings or obtaining the reproduction and distribution rights to master recordings.

This division includes the activities of creating content or acquiring the right to distribute content and subsequently broadcasting or distributing that content. Types of produced or distributed content included in this division are radio, television, audio and audiovisual entertainment, news, talk, etc., including programmes that are typically narrowcast in nature (programmes that appeal to a particular segment of the population, such as news, sport, education, youth-oriented programming). The broadcasting or content distribution can be performed using different technologies, over-the-air, via satellite, via a cable network or via the internet broadcasting, streaming or downloads. This division also includes the broadcasting of live podcasts, third-party on-demand distribution of recorded podcasts and downloads, and activities of news agencies, social network sites, blogs and wiki sites, and online gaming / video game sites. Content may be made freely available to users or may be available only on a subscription or fee basis.

This class includes:
- broadcasting audio signals through radio broadcasting studios and facilities for the transmission of aural programming to the public, to affiliates or to subscribers
- on-demand audio streaming and download services by third-party distributors with distribution rights
- broadcasting live podcasts

This class includes the creation of a complete television channel programme, from purchased programme components (for example, movies, documentaries), self-produced programme components (for example, local news, live reports), or a combination thereof.

This complete television programme can be either broadcast by the producing unit or produced for transmission by a third-party operator of transmission facilities (for example, cable companies, satellite television providers).

The programming may be of a general or specialised nature (for example, narrowcast formats such as news, sport, education, youth-oriented programming), may be made freely available to users or may be available only on a subscription basis.

This group includes the activities of news agencies and content distribution sites (for example, social network sites, wiki sites, online gaming / video game sites).

This class includes:
- news syndicate and news agency activities furnishing news, pictures and features to the media, publishers and broadcasters

This class includes:
- distribution services of content sharing sites (e.g. wiki sites, social network sites) which publish content produced and edited by users and are not under editorial responsibility and control
- operation of online gaming / video game sites, independent of publishing the games
- provision of e-books as streaming or downloading services, not associated with publishing
- online provision of software, not associated with publishing
- content distribution via blogs